How to grow boletus at home?

Content

1 Distribution in nature
2 Growing methods
3 Soil preparation
4 Sowing mycelium
5 Sowing mycelium, leaving and harvesting
6 Distribution in nature
7 Growing methods
8 Methods for growing boletus
9 Harvesting butter
10 In what environment do boletus grow
11 Growing methods
12 How to prepare the soil
13 What is mycelium and where to get it
14 Planting mycelium and leaving
15 Photo oil at home

Many people love mushrooms for their taste and dietary properties. Someone even tries to organize mushroom farms on their own, producing oyster mushrooms or champignons. Is it possible to organize the cultivation of forest oil, for example, in your country house? Fortunately, self-cultivation of boletus is not so difficult today.

The appearance of the butterflies is easily recognizable thanks to the brown oily cap covered with a sticky layer

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Distribution in nature

The oiler chooses places in forest zones of a temperate climate, preferring sandy soils with a light structure and a high content of limestone, rich in organic matter. The geography of its distribution is extensive - Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. In Russia, all kinds of butter oil are found everywhere: from the forest-steppe zones of the Saratov and Voronezh regions to the Far East and Siberia.

Belonging to mycorrhizal fungi, boletus mainly grow at the roots of young conifers and bear fruit up to 15 years.

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Growing methods

Industrial cultivation is limited by the lack of highly profitable technologies that allow the use of intensive cultivation methods in indoor conditions. Growing oil on industrial plots requires coniferous planting of large areas. Therefore, only amateur breeding of boletus has become widespread. The use of extensive methods, as close as possible to natural ones, makes it possible to obtain myceliums of high fertility and excellent quality mushrooms.

There are several ways to grow wild mushrooms at home.

Taking into account the characteristic feature of oleagus to form mycorrhiza only with the roots of young coniferous trees, the plantation for cultivation is selected based on the presence of at least several young pines, cedars, larches or spruces on the site. The exact species of trees are determined by the type of oil taken in the cultivation and the immediate growing conditions of the mycelium from which the mycelium was taken.

At home, the most suitable age for trees is about 10, maximum - 15 years. Young trees take a minimum of nutrients from the soil and water, leaving more food for the mushrooms. This neighborhood allows the mycelium to develop as actively as possible, therefore, the process of growing mushrooms will be the most effective.

Butterlets will not be able to live on their own, without a patron tree

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Soil preparation

The optimal soil for the development of mycelium is prepared as follows. In the selected area (preferably in partial shade, however, sunny areas are also suitable for boletus), the upper soil layer is removed. Since the correct cultivation technology requires the formation of several layers of soil, plant materials are placed in the first layer, for example, chopped wood, grass, foliage, needles. For the second layer, it is advisable to use the soil collected in the places where mushrooms grow, then it will have an acid-base balance that corresponds to the optimal one as much as possible. You can take the usual garden land in the country. If necessary, humus can be added to it. The mycelium is sown on the soil prepared in this way.

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Sowing mycelium

Although today it is not difficult to purchase oil mycelium obtained in the conditions of specialized laboratories, mushroom growers prefer to collect spores of overripe mushrooms in the forest. The reason for this lies in the nature of the mushroom's nutrition, in which it receives most of the necessary organic matter from the patron tree. Consequently, successful cultivation requires a specific soil composition and tree species to form symbiosis. For independent cultivation of boletus, these conditions are of paramount importance, otherwise the fruiting bodies may not form, despite the successful development of the mycelium.

It is not difficult to get mycelium oil from spores at home. To do this, the collected mushrooms should be mixed with a substrate prepared on the basis of a mixture of coniferous sawdust and peat and helping to create a nutrient medium close to natural. It is better if the wood species favorable for the cultivation of oil is used for sawdust. Ideally, if these are the breeds next to which the mushrooms grew, collected for the preparation of mycelium.

Growing mycelium is as follows. The dried substrate is half laid out in three-liter jars, lightly tamped and poured into 1.5 liters of a special nutrient solution for the mycelium. It is prepared from sugar syrup and yeast suspension (for 1 liter of water - 1 tsp sugar and the same amount of yeast). The solution is brought to a boil and poured into peat packed in jars. Fill the remaining volume of the jar with dried sawdust and close it with a tight lid. It will take about 5 hours for the substrate to be completely saturated with nutrients. The remaining water should be drained, the substrate should be mixed and the pieces of mushrooms with spores should be placed in the puncture holes made with a stick. The jar is closed with a lid with a hole (about 1.5 cm), covered with a foam rubber stopper. The development of hyphae takes about 3 months at a room temperature of 23-25 ° C. The substrate with mycelium matured for cultivation is stored before sowing in a cold (about 6 ° C) and dark room.

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Sowing mycelium, leaving and harvesting

In spring, the substrate, filled with multiplied mycelium, is evenly distributed in a thin layer on trees, covered with a layer of leaves or grass, sprinkled on top with garden or forest soil (with subsequent moistening of the upper soil layer). To protect the soil from drying out, the area can be covered with a thin layer of grass or leaves and periodically moistened.

Fruiting of home-grown butter plants (in the garden or in the country) begins a year after the mycelium is planted and lasts about 15 years. Although in the early years one should not count on a significant harvest (the mycelium develops for about 5–7 years), in subsequent years the volume of harvesting of fruit bodies will increase significantly.

Many people love mushrooms for their taste and dietary properties. Someone even independently tries to arrange mushroom farms, producing oyster mushrooms or

Champignon

... Is it possible to organize the cultivation of forest oil, for example, in your country house? Fortunately, self-cultivation of boletus is not so difficult today. The appearance of the butterflies is easily recognizable thanks to the brown oily cap covered with a sticky layer

Distribution in nature

Belonging to mycorrhizal fungi, boletus mainly grow at the roots of young conifers and bear fruit up to 15 years.

Growing methods

Industrial cultivation is limited by the lack of highly profitable technologies that allow the use of intensive cultivation methods in indoor conditions. Growing oil on industrial plots requires coniferous planting of large areas. Therefore, only amateur breeding of boletus has become widespread. The use of extensive methods, as close as possible to natural ones, makes it possible to obtain myceliums of high fertility and excellent quality mushrooms.

There are several ways to grow wild mushrooms at home. Taking into account the characteristic feature of oleagus to form mycorrhiza only with the roots of young coniferous trees, the plantation for cultivation is selected based on the presence of at least several young pines, cedars, larches or spruces on the site. The exact species of trees are determined by the type of oil taken in the cultivation and the immediate growing conditions of the mycelium from which the mycelium was taken.

Methods for growing boletus

Butterlets will not be able to live on their own, without a patron tree

Soil preparation

mushrooms

, then it will have an acid-base balance that corresponds to the optimal one as much as possible. You can take the usual garden land in the country. If necessary, humus can be added to it. The mycelium is sown on the soil prepared in this way.

Sowing mycelium Although today it is not difficult to purchase oil mycelium obtained in the conditions of specialized laboratories, mushroom growers prefer to collect spores of overripe mushrooms in the forest. The reason for this lies in the nature of the mushroom's nutrition, in which it receives most of the necessary organic matter from the patron tree. Consequently, successful cultivation requires a specific soil composition and tree species to form symbiosis. For independent cultivation of boletus, these conditions are of paramount importance, otherwise the fruiting bodies may not form, despite the successful development of the mycelium.

Growing mycelium is as follows. The dried substrate is half laid out in three-liter jars, lightly tamped and poured into 1.5 liters of a special nutrient solution for the mycelium. It is prepared from sugar syrup and yeast suspension (for 1 liter of water - 1 tsp sugar and the same amount of yeast). The solution is brought to a boil and poured into peat packed in jars. Fill the remaining volume of the jar with dried sawdust and close it with a tight lid. It will take about 5 hours for the substrate to be completely saturated with nutrients.The remaining water should be drained, the substrate should be mixed and the pieces of mushrooms with spores should be placed in the puncture holes made with a stick. The jar is closed with a lid with a hole (about 1.5 cm), covered with a foam rubber stopper. The development of hyphae takes about 3 months at a room temperature of 23-25 ° C. The substrate with mycelium matured for cultivation is stored before sowing in a cold (about 6 ° C) and dark room.

Sowing mycelium, leaving and harvesting In spring, the substrate, filled with multiplied mycelium, is evenly distributed in a thin layer on trees, covered with a layer of leaves or grass, sprinkled on top with garden or forest soil (with subsequent moistening of the upper soil layer). To protect the soil from drying out, the area can be covered with a thin layer of grass or leaves and periodically moistened.

Harvesting butter

Along with mushrooms, boletus and saffron milk caps, boletus mushrooms are one of the most popular forest mushrooms in Russia. Even people far from "quiet hunting" often know well what this mushroom looks like. And all because boletus has a very specific appearance and excellent taste, for which gourmets love them.

The content of the article:

Types of boletus mushrooms
Boletus mushrooms - photo and description
Nutritional characteristics of oil
Growing butter at home

Types of boletus mushrooms

As usual, under the general name "boletus" is understood at once several independent species that have external similarities and similar taste characteristics. In the biological systematics, a separate genus Oily, which is part of the Boletov family, is distinguished for them. However, according to an alternative taxonomy, these mushrooms are isolated into a separate family, Oily.

Today, about 40-50 species of mushrooms belong to the biological genus Oiler mushroom. It is interesting that among them there is not a single toxic one, although some species are scientifically classified as inedible. True, mushroom pickers refute mycologists, finding culinary use for all known types of butter.

The most famous and widespread in Russia are the following types:

Greyish grease can. Mushroom of the third category of edibility. Distributed in the European part, in the Urals and Siberia, but especially in the Far East.
A goat, a sieve, or a grease nipple is dry. An edible mushroom with a fairly average taste. Widespread throughout the temperate zone.
Granular oiler. The mushroom, the photo of which is presented here, belongs to the second category. Widely distributed throughout the country.
Larch oil can. Also belongs to the second category of edibility. It is found everywhere in coniferous forests with acidic but rich soil.
Ordinary oil can. The most famous representative of its kind. Belongs to the second category of edibility, but surpasses all its "relatives" in popularity. Widespread throughout the country.
Pepper oil can. Formally considered inedible due to its pungent taste. Can be used as a hot seasoning, or simply with a wide variety of other mushrooms. Distributed throughout the country.
The butter dish is yellowish. Conditionally edible mushroom (before use, it is imperative to remove the skin from the cap, as it provokes diarrhea). Distributed in the European part of the country and in Siberia.

Of course, these are far from all edible boletus mushrooms found in Russia. But all other species are much rarer and less known to both mushroom pickers and cooks.

Boletus mushrooms - photo and description

All types of oil are quite similar to each other and differ mainly in size and color, as well as in the shape of the cap. A typical representative of this genus is the common butter dish (it is also real, autumn and yellow). The description of all other types is reduced to listing the differences from an ordinary oiler.

All boletus have a classic cap-to-legged shape of the fruiting body. Adult mushrooms are medium to large in size. The cap is hemispherical at a young age, flattens with age. One of the important distinguishing features of oil is the mucous layer covering the cap.

The key feature of boletus, by which it is easiest to distinguish them from other forest mushrooms, is a tubular hymenophore. In the description of mushrooms, butter is the most important sign, for which novice mushroom pickers love it very much. The tubes under the cap do not leave any chances of confusing oilers with a toadstool or fly agaric, and the probability of meeting a poisonous tubular mushroom in the forest is even lower than winning the lottery.

The leg of the oil is close in shape to the cylinder. In the vast majority of species, the remains of a private veil are preserved on it.

The pulp of oil has a pale yellow or white-gray tint; on the cut it can take on a bluish or reddish color. Both the hat and the leg are eaten.

All types of butter oil form a symbiotic relationship with coniferous trees and cannot grow outside the coniferous plantations. Butterlets are ubiquitous in the temperate climatic zone of the Northern Hemisphere. There have also been numerous cases of unintentional introduction of oil in more southerly regions, including Africa and even Australia.

Now let's briefly look at the description of the mushroom oiler of several of the most popular types:

Ordinary oil can. Medium-sized mushroom (the cap is no more than 15 cm in diameter, the height of the leg is no more than 12 cm). The hat is covered with a brown skin of various shades from dark chocolate to brown olive. Yellow tubular layer with small rounded pores. There is always a filmy ring on the white leg - the remains of a private bedspread. The fungus grows on the roots of Scots pine and other two-leaved pines. Prefers well-drained sandy soils. They do not grow on peat bogs, swamps and other moist soils. Distributed throughout the temperate zone. Ordinary butter dish can be found already in June, but really intensively fruiting bodies appear only in September-October. Active fruiting begins 2-3 days after rain. The fungus is highly susceptible to infection by insect larvae, the proportion of wormy fungi often exceeds 70%.
Granular butter dish. The mushroom is medium or even large in size (the cap is up to 20 cm in diameter with a leg height of up to 10 cm). The upper film is lighter than that of an ordinary oiler - light brown or even pinkish brown. Tubular layer of delicate pale yellow color. The granular oiler differs from all other oily oils in that it does not have a filmy ring on its stem. The leg itself, as in the case of an ordinary oiler, is white. The mushroom got its name for the presence of more or less noticeable grains, similar to semolina, appearing on the stem. The fungus grows mainly on the roots of Scots pine, extremely rarely symbiotic with other types of pines. Distributed everywhere, but bears fruit especially plentifully in the Caucasus.
Larch oil can. Medium-sized mushroom. The hat does not exceed 15 cm in diameter, the length of the leg is not more than 12 cm. The color range is from lemon yellow to chestnut. The pulp is also lemon yellow or pale yellow in color. The tubular layer is yellowish. It grows only next to larch, for which it got its name. It grows everywhere in the European part, in the Urals, Siberia and the Far East on acidic rich soils. Fruiting from July to September.

Due to the fact that all boletus are edible, there is no special need to memorize their species differences.The main thing to remember is that boletus has a tubular hymenophore, which makes it possible to distinguish them from poisonous lamellar mushrooms. You also need to remember that boletus grows only next to conifers.

Although it is believed that every edible mushroom has its own poisonous counterpart, boletus mushrooms do not exist, since it is impossible to find a poisonous tubular mushroom that even remotely resembles an oil can.

Nutritional characteristics of oil

Butter in general and butterdish in particular are some of the most popular forest mushrooms. They are suitable for use in any form - in soups, fried, stewed, salted, pickled, in sauces and side dishes. Young boletus in pickled or salted form are considered especially tasty. Although boletus mushrooms can be dried for the winter, they are rarely used in this form, since they darken when dried.

Butter in any kind of cooking goes well with fried potatoes and mashed potatoes, they go well as a side dish with meat and fish, and are also very good in various salads. Although it is not necessary to remove the sticky skins from the cap before cooking, the flavor improves when the cap is removed.

In addition to the excellent taste, butterflies are also characterized by excellent nutritional value and usefulness. They are rich in B vitamins, high in fiber, carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids and essential oils. All substances contained in oils are easily absorbed by the body, and the lecithin present in them even prevents the deposition of cholesterol.

However, it should be warned that boletus also contains a lot of chitin, and this substance cannot be absorbed by our body, and therefore it is still not worth abusing boletus.

Growing butter at home

Boletus mushrooms, photos of which are presented here, are typical mycorrhizal fungi, that is, they can grow only in symbiosis with the root system of living trees. Moreover, in this case we are talking exclusively about conifers (best of all, pine). Thus, industrial technologies for growing mushrooms are not suitable for butter oils. They can only be grown for amateur purposes in the presence of a nearby coniferous forest, or at least single pine trees.

Extensive amateur methods, as close as possible to the natural living conditions of boletus, make it possible to consistently obtain good harvests of mushrooms. Young trees up to 15 years old are optimal for home cultivation. Older pines and cedars will pull too much nutrients out of the ground, leaving oil trees no room for normal development.

Growing a white oiler mushroom begins with the preparation of the soil for the mycelium. For this, a site is selected in the immediate vicinity of a coniferous tree (preferably shaded, but in extreme cases, you can also sunny). In this area, you need to remove the top layer of soil and replace it with several layers of prepared soil.

Plant raw materials are laid at the very bottom, sawdust, grass, foliage or needles are suitable. The second layer is laid with soil brought from a coniferous forest, in which wild boletus grows. This is necessary in order to maintain the optimal acid-base balance of the soil. As a last resort, ordinary garden soil will do. At the very end, the mycelium is sown.

The mycelium can be bought in a specialized store (including on the Internet), but you can get by with the mushroom spores collected with your own hands. Many mushroom growers consider the second method even more preferable. Having collected the forest land in a clearing with butter, you can immediately take the old caps of the yellow oiler mushroom. Thus, we get the seed that is most adapted to the soil that is used.

To independently obtain mycelium oil at home, you need to take the caps of old matured mushrooms, grind them thoroughly and mix with a special substrate made of coniferous sawdust and peat. It is optimal if the sawdust is obtained precisely from those specific trees, next to which the mushrooms were collected.

Getting mycelium is like this. Well-dried peat should be placed in three-liter jars, filling them to half and tamping them a little. Then pour 1.5 liters of nutrient solution into the jar (one teaspoon of sugar and yeast per liter of water). Bring the solution to a boil before sending it to the jars. The remaining volume of the jar is filled with sawdust and tightly closed with a lid.

After 5-6 hours, the substrate will be saturated with nutrients from the solution, after which the water can be drained. After that, the substrate is thoroughly mixed with the grated mushroom caps. Then the jar needs to be closed with a lid with a small hole for ventilation and left at a temperature of about 24 degrees for 3 months.

If by the time the mycelium matures for some reason it will not be possible to plant it immediately, then its further storage is carried out in a dark room at a temperature of about 6 ° C.

The best time for planting mycelium in open ground is spring. The substrate with the mycelium must be evenly distributed in a thin layer under the coniferous tree in the prepared soil. From above it should be covered with leaves or grass, and then additionally sprinkled with a thin layer of forest (but you can also garden) soil. At the final stage of planting, the garden bed is watered. If necessary, cover it with another layer of leaves and water it from time to time to prevent the bed from drying out.

In such conditions, the edible mushroom begins to bear fruit the next year. The fruiting period of one bed can be up to 15 years, but one should not expect significant harvests in the first years. A more or less solid harvest lasts only for 5-7 years, when the mycelium grows and strengthens properly.

Mushrooms delight many not only with their taste, but also with their low calorie content, which allows them to be consumed in unlimited quantities. The oil contains only 19 kcal per 100 g. They have the highest content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and fiber.

Many mushroom lovers try to grow oyster mushrooms and champignons on their site. But few people know that the cultivation of boletus is also affordable and simple, you just need to remember some rules.

In what environment do boletus grow

This species prefers a temperate climate with sandy soil, grows in many parts of the northern hemisphere - Europe, Asia, America, Australia.

The most common mushroom zones in Russia are forest-steppe in the Saratov and Voronezh regions, as well as forests in the Far East and Siberia. They grow near coniferous trees.

Growing methods

Unlike champignons, boletus is not willingly grown on industrial plots. This is explained by the peculiarities of the germination of the fungus, depending on the area. A good harvest requires coniferous planting, which is costly to produce. But some gardeners are happy to breed boletus in their garden.

Growing mushrooms on your own has many advantages.

First, you will be completely confident in the quality of your product.
Secondly, it is less costly than buying mushrooms in stores, since the correct growing methods allow you to get more fertile mushrooms.

For successful cultivation, it is necessary to have several conifers on the site, for example, cedar, pine and spruce. The best harvest is achieved with young trees up to 10 years old.

Older trees will take too much moisture and micronutrients from the mail, which will degrade the quality of the mushrooms. It is impossible to grow boletus at home without conifers nearby.

How to prepare the soil

First you need to decide on the location of the plantation. You need to choose a not too sunny area; shady places are most suitable. The technology of growing mushrooms requires the correct soil, which consists of several layers.

To do this, it is necessary to remove the top layer of the earth and prepare the first layer - needles, tree foliage, sawdust. For the second layer, you need earth with a ready-made acid-base balance.

You can collect it in the nearest forest or use ordinary soil from a summer cottage. But it is necessary to add humus to the ground and only then sow oil mycelium.

What is mycelium and where to get it

The mycelium is the vegetative body of the fungus, consisting of thin filaments. You can find it in the forest by taking spores from overripe mushrooms. But there are laboratories that are engaged in growing mycelium in artificial conditions. Such material is most suitable for beginners, since it does not require unnecessary care, but is costly.

To obtain mycelium, it is necessary to mix the mushrooms with a substrate from coniferous sawdust and peat. This will create the closest natural environment. It is better to use the trees under which the boletus grew in the forest.

To grow mycelium at home, it is necessary to dry the substrate and prepare a nutrient solution, which consists of sugar and yeast in a ratio of 1 liter of water to 1 tsp. sugar and yeast, mix everything and boil.

Fill the three-liter jars with the substrate in half, pour the sugar solution and add sawdust. Close the resulting mass tightly with a lid and remove for 5-6 hours. After this time, drain excess water from the container, make small holes in the substrate and place the chopped mushrooms.

The jar is closed, leaving a small hole, and placed in a warm place for 3 months. It must be remembered that ripe myceliums are stored in a dark room at a temperature of no more than 6 degrees.

Planting mycelium and leaving

Planting in the soil takes place in the spring. To do this, you need to distribute the mycelium near conifers, sprinkle with foliage and earth. The top layer of soil needs to be watered a little, but there is no need to fill in the substrate. Wet grass and leaves are best used to maintain moisture.

The crop can be harvested no earlier than a year after planting. The first 2-4 years, fruiting will not be rich, since the development of the mycelium takes about 5 years and lasts up to 15, increasing the number of mushrooms every year.

Growing mushrooms on your own plot is much easier than you think. For a good harvest, it is only necessary to create the usual living conditions for the mycelium. Many photos of boletus grown independently speak of positive breeding results.