How to grow onions at home from seeds?

There are three ways to grow onions from seeds. First: grow onion sets, from which the next year - onion-turnip; the second: turnip onions are obtained from seeds in one year, planting them in early spring or seedlings; the third is by means of winter sowing. We will tell in the article how to grow onions from seeds in one season by all methods, we will give recommendations for care.

Benefits of growing onions from seeds in one season

It takes a lot of time and effort to get a good harvest of quality onions. Usually, this scheme is used for this: seeds - sevok - samples - turnip. This is the best option, but it is a very lengthy process. Therefore, recently it has become popular to grow crops from seeds - in this case, the finished crop can be obtained in one season. Such onions are better preserved in winter than sets, and planting material is much cheaper.

There are certain features and rules for growing onions from seeds, adhering to which, seedlings will sprout quickly.

There are other reasons why using onion seeds is easier to use than sets:

• Using onion sets as planting material, diseases and pests can be brought into the beds. Even a manganese solution as an antiseptic will not guarantee their complete absence in the seed. It is much easier to pickle seeds for sowing.
• Sowing onion seeds makes it possible to grow high-quality onions in a season, even without seedlings. If you follow the growing conditions and give the necessary dressing, full-fledged bulbs can be obtained, even if the onions are sown late directly into the ground.
• Seed growing provides the opportunity to select the strongest plants and plant them at a distance from each other that would allow them not to compete for nutrients and free space.

The best varieties of onions for seed growing

The table shows the 10 most popular varieties of onions grown from seeds by gardeners:

Variety name	Description
Timiryazevsky	Early ripening, with excellent keeping quality. Light brown bulbs are round. Each nest contains 2-3 bulbs.
Danilovsky 301	Mid-season variety with good keeping quality. Has a semi-sharp, sweetish taste. Purple fruits are round-flat in shape. There is usually one onion in the nest.
Strigunovsky	A variety of hot onions with good keeping quality. Yellow rounded fruits. Onion sets can be grown from seeds in one season. 1-2 bulbs are formed in the nest.
Rostov	Early ripening variety. Spicy. Keeping quality is good. The yellow fruits are round in shape. There are up to 4 onions in the nest.
Bessonovsky	The variety is early maturing. Spicy. Keeping quality is good. Yellow rounded fruits. Each nest contains 3-5 bulbs.
Arzamas	Mid-season spicy variety.Yellow bulbs are round-elongated. There are 1-2 bulbs in the nest.
Svirsky	The variety is mid-season. Semi-sharp bow. Keeping quality is good. Yellow, rounded flat bulbs. There are 1-2 bulbs in the nest.
Odinovets	Early ripening variety. Spicy. Keeping quality is good. The bulbs are yellow, round-flat. There are 1-2 bulbs in the nest. It is best grown over the summer.
Carmen	Mid-season, semi-sharp variety. Ripens in 120-130 days. High-yielding. The bulbs are dark red, round in shape.
Spool	The variety is early ripening, spicy. Keeping quality is good. The bulbs are round, yellow. Seeds and turnips are grown from seeds.

Growing onions at home on a windowsill 

It is best to grow onions at home, as well as shallots, chives. Leek and batun can be germinated from seeds. Read also the article: → "Care and cultivation of onions" Batun "in the country.".

What you need to do in order to grow a good harvest of onions on the windowsill at home:

• The more the onion receives sunlight, the brighter and juicier it will grow.
• The onions on the windowsill should be watered only with settled water at room temperature or slightly warm. If it is grown in soil, then it should not be overmoistened so that the bulbs do not rot.
• Hot air is contraindicated for such a bow. Therefore, there should be no battery under the growing container.
• When the first greens appear, do not rush to cut them, otherwise it may stop growing.
• The bulbs on the windowsill will begin to deplete after 2 months.

Basically, most gardeners and gardeners plant onions with seedlings that are grown from seeds.

If you decide to grow onions at home, then the choice of seeds depends on what the purpose of this cultivation is: you need to get bulbs or greens (feathers). Usually, green onions are grown on the windowsill at home. When planting onions with seeds, first of all, they must be soaked in warm water overnight. Then they are soaked for two hours in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Before sowing, the bottom of the pot is filled with drainage and an earthen substrate is poured into it - vermicompost mixed with coconut fiber or a mixture of compost, humus and peat. The seeds are planted at a depth of approximately 1-1.5 centimeters. When the onion rises, they begin to light it up for 2-3 hours in the evening. From above, the pot should be covered with cling film or cellophane before the first shoots appear. It will take 1-2 weeks.

Tip # 1. To speed up the process, the temperature must be maintained at 18-25 degrees.

After planting, the onions are not immediately placed on the windowsill. For the first 10 days, it should be in a cool place, in partial shade. This will strengthen the root system. It can be any place that is far from the window and the battery. During the first month, onions planted with seeds grow slowly, but subsequently they will produce feathers throughout the year.

Today, another method of growing onions at home is common - without using soil. To do this, the bulbs must be placed firmly on a shallow pallet in an upright position. Water is poured into it so that it covers the bulbs by a quarter. As the water level decreases, it is added. After two weeks, the green onion feathers will be ready to eat. To accelerate the process of regrowth of feathers, a solution of wood ash is added to the water. (50 g per 10 l of water).

Seed-grown onions

This onion can also be grown from seed. Unlike the one grown by the seedling method, it will be slightly smaller. Read also the article: → "Growing onions through seedlings: Exhibiting onions."

1. Seeds are sown in mid-spring, and they are prepared either at the end of February or at the beginning of March. To do this, first of all, prepare a liquid paste and mix it with fertilizer.
2. The resulting mixture is applied to a tape of toilet paper cut lengthwise into three parts. It is convenient to use a syringe.
3. So that the drops of the mixture germinate well, they are applied at a distance of five centimeters from each other.Onion seeds of the Exibishen variety are carefully placed in each of them (it is convenient to do this with tweezers).
4. After the paste dries, the paper strips are carefully rolled up.

Tip # 2. In April, the seeds prepared in this way are planted in fertile soil to a depth of 1.5 centimeters. The beds should be prepared in the fall.

With the help of a flat cutter, grooves are made in the ground and paper strips are placed in them. It is advisable to put small arcs over the beds, covering them with a covering non-woven material - this will make it possible to retain heat and moisture and protect the seedlings from onion flies and other pests. At the same time, the Exibishen onion is poured with a watering can over the covering material. You can place a carrot bed nearby. The smell of these two vegetables repels insect pests.

In fact, growing onions from seeds is quite simple, the main thing is high-quality soil and climate.

To obtain a larger Exibition onion, green feathers should not be opened for salads during its growth. Be sure to regularly weed and water the onion beds. They need to be cleaned of weeds in time also because the first shoots of Exhibishen are very delicate and thin.

The crop will ripen in 115-130 days. It is important not to overexpose the bulbs in the ground, otherwise they will become unusable for storage. The resulting crop is placed in a dark, dry place (for example, an attic), where it dries.

Methods for growing onions from seeds

So, onions are grown from seeds in several ways: sowing in early spring directly into the ground, growing seedlings, sowing before winter. In the first case, onion seeds are sown in the soil as soon as it melts. Then the onion has time to ripen in one season. If you grow seedlings, the seeds must first be germinated from February at home, and planted in the ground in April. Before winter, seeds are sown in the fall, when the soil is already slightly frozen.

Whichever method is chosen, first you need to prepare the soil: dig it up in the fall, adding compost or peat and mineral fertilizers. Read also the article: → "Growing onion sets: from seeds, in the open field."

Seed preparation before sowing

A month before sowing, the seeds are tested for germination: 15-20 seeds are kept in a damp cloth for two weeks. Then pre-sowing preparation of seeds is carried out: in order to avoid fungal diseases, wrapping them with a cloth, they must be dipped in hot water (+ 45-50 degrees) for 15 minutes, then in cold water for 1 minute. Then soak for a day in warm water (+ 22-26 degrees). Then for 1-2 days, still wrapped in a damp cloth, keep at room temperature.

The second method of pre-sowing preparation: supply oxygen under pressure into a container with water and soak the seeds in it for 18-20 hours. Then dry and sow in prepared soil. The sowing period is on average April 20-25.

How to prepare the beds for sowing

It is advisable to break the onion beds in sunny places. It is good if tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, legumes, potatoes, which usually enrich the soil with nitrogen, grew on this place before. The width of the beds should be no more than 80 centimeters, the height should not exceed 15 centimeters. During digging into the soil, you need to add 2-3 kilograms of peat or 3-4 kilograms of compost per square meter of area, as well as one tablespoon of nitrophoska with superphosphate or nitroammophoska with wood ash.

All these dressings are thoroughly mixed with the soil layer and tamped on top. The prepared bed is watered with a solution of copper sulfate (1 tbsp. L. Per bucket of water, 2 l / sq. M.). Then the bed is covered with plastic wrap and kept for 2-3 days before sowing.

Onions are easy to grow and care for, while this plant is not particularly demanding either on the soil or on expensive fertilizers.

How to sow onion seeds

Before sowing on the garden bed, you need to make a markup: retreat 10 centimeters from its edge and draw three furrows at a distance of 5 centimeters from each other.Their depth is no more than 2 centimeters; at a distance of 15 centimeters from them again draw three furrows, etc. In these furrows at a distance of 1-1.5 centimeters from each other sow seeds. Slightly compact the soil and sprinkle with water (2-3 liters of water for each meter of the bed).

To accelerate the germination and growth of seeds, the beds should be covered with a film stretched over arcs at a height of 20-30 centimeters above the ground. This will preserve soil moisture and provide the necessary microclimate for germination.

After germination, small loops will appear on the soil surface - cotyledons. If roots appear instead of them, they must be removed. When the seeds germinate en masse, it is necessary to thin out the plants so that the distance between the plants is 1.5-2 centimeters. After 12 days, the cotyledons will straighten, and the first leaf will appear.

How to properly care for crops

Crop care is about timely watering, weeding, and disease and pest control. Plants are watered once a week from May to June. In dry weather - twice. Water consumption - 5-10 l / sq. m. In July, watering is stopped. In hot weather, water the onion in small portions once a week.

The beds are weeded with the appearance of small weeds. Before this, the beds need to be watered abundantly to make it easier to weed. If leaf formation is slow, the plants need to be fed: dissolve a spoonful of urea in a bucket of water and water the onion (3-4 liters per sq. M).

How to harvest onions

If the feathers of the onion have begun to turn yellow and wither, then the onion is ripe. Harvested usually from July 25 to August 10. If the feathers have not yet turned yellow, the onions are harvested from the garden and laid out in the sun for several weeks to ripen in a thin layer.

When it is completely dry, the leaves must be removed, and the bulbs must be dried by the battery or stove - this will protect the onions from powdery mildew and rot. Then the onions are sorted: small bulbs are left for planting before winter. The rest are stored in a dark place at a temperature of 18 degrees in canvas bags or boxes.

How to sow onions before winter

To sow onions before winter, right after the autumn digging of the earth, they begin to make beds. Then they are leveled, marked and cold weather is expected. Sowing is carried out on the eve of a real cold snap. To do this, choose the largest healthy, and most importantly, dry seeds. They are buried in the ground to a depth of 1.5 centimeters. After that, be sure to mulch.

Due to the moisture accumulated during the fall, the seeds in the soil swell, but do not germinate. With the arrival of spring, when the upper layers of the soil thaw, and the air temperature reaches + 3-4 degrees Celsius, the seeds begin to germinate. As a result, when everyone is just beginning to prepare the soil, the shift planted before winter has time to germinate.

Adhering to the basic rules, you can easily grow onions from seeds both at home, for seedlings, and in the open field.

Heading "Question-answer"

Question number 1. How to grow onion from seeds?

Onions can be grown by sowing purchased seeds in the spring, or collected from the garden in August-September. Before sowing, freshly harvested seeds are soaked for 10-12 hours in a weak solution of any growth substances or in water. Before sowing, the soil must be carefully prepared. Seeds are sown into grooves to a depth of 2-2.5 cm in moist soil. Then they are slightly mulched with peat or rotted humus. Water the beds through the net so that the seeds are not washed off.

Question number 2. Sevok went to the arrow. Why?

Onion sets are planted on a turnip in early June. The bow can go into the arrow due to temperature changes. Arrow-peduncle, while it is small, it is better to cut off. And feed the onion and make sure that the soil under it is always moist, loose, without weeds. If the garden is overgrown, the onion will have a thick neck and cannot be stored.

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Good day to all!

The gardening season is already almost on the heels, even in spite of some vagaries of nature.

Planting seedlings from gardeners is now in full swing. Peppers, tomatoes have probably already been planted. Just like eggplant and many flowers. And all other cultures are already preparing for this with might and main, for which the time has also come.

One of these popular garden crops is onion. At the same time, many sow it for seedlings, sowing seeds, and someone plants sevok, sometimes on greens, and sometimes for the growth of good strong heads.

However, in order to grow a good harvest, it is best to use high-yielding, early maturing varieties. Therefore, when purchasing seeds in a store, pay attention to the information on the package.

When choosing seeds for growing "turnip", it is necessary to take into account the fact that the variety has an early or at least an average ripening period. And also the fact that these seeds were collected last year.

It is worth noting that among annuals, varieties such as exibishen and chalcedony are considered the best. Consider this when buying seeds.

Growing onions through seedlings in one season

If you decide to plant it through seedlings, then you must first of all choose the right soil. To do this, it is best to stock up your own garden land in the fall, with the addition of humus and a small amount of wood ash.

Having prepared the soil, take the necessary container - a box, or separate cells. Seeds must be thoroughly dried. In a common container, seeds should be sown at a distance of 1 cm from each other, after which they should be covered with soil by two centimeters. In cassettes, two to three seeds. And in fact, and in another case, cover the planting with polyethylene, and keep at a temperature of 24 - 25 degrees. Wait for shoots.

Seeds are also planted using the "snail" method. This is done on toilet paper, and just on the ground. This method will be discussed in the video, which you can find later in the article.

As soon as the first young shoots appear, the shelter can be removed. At the same time, the temperature drops to 20 degrees. With this mode, the seedlings will not grow much. Watering is necessary as the soil dries, and this is best done with a spray bottle. If the seedlings are planted in winter, then additional lighting is needed.

Before transplanting, seedlings must be fed regularly. For these purposes, an infusion of chicken manure diluted in water in a ratio of 1:10 is well suited. Or use other fertilizers, such as Krepen or Zdraven.

Unlike other types of seedlings, it is not necessary to dive for onion seedlings. The only thing that can be done is to order it by removing the weakest copies. It should be borne in mind that for the effective development and growth of seedlings, the distance between them should be one and a half to two centimeters.

After two months, the seedlings can be prepared for planting in open ground.

Before this important point, only good shoots are selected. Leaves and roots must be cut off by one-third. Immediately before transplanting, the earth is dug up and a bed is formed, furrows are made, which are well watered.

Small plants should be planted to a depth of about 2 cm so that they feel stable enough in the ground. And between the rows, it is imperative to observe a distance that will be at least 50 cm.

After the plants are planted in their place, they must be watered abundantly and covered with mulch. After 3-4 days, the soil should be slightly loosened so that there is better access to air and water.

After such care and attention, your harvest will grow, and will certainly bear good fruits.

Features of growing from seeds in the middle lane

In central Russia, the conditions for growing this crop are most favorable. Various technologies for its cultivation have been developed here for centuries.

Most gardeners are increasingly choosing to grow it from seed. They begin to prepare them for seedlings in February. They choose, buy seeds, prepare the land and containers for planting.

Then they start working directly with the seeds.

It is best to soak them in hot water, its temperature can be up to 50 degrees. In this case, boric acid can be added to the water. After that, the tissue is moistened with a growth stimulant, seeds are placed in it and left overnight in a warm place.

Further, everything is as usual. Seeds are sown in a container filled with earth and pre-moistened with water. They should be covered with cellophane or foil and placed in a warm place. After the first shoots appear, the film is removed.

• If it is cloudy outside, and the days are also short, then the seedlings are highlighted throughout the day.
• The soil must be constantly moist. In order not to break the seedlings, it is better to water them from a spray bottle.
• Every 10 days, the seedlings are fed with complex fertilizers. They are brought in according to the instructions on the package.

Growth must be monitored every day, all the necessary procedures must be carried out in a timely manner.

In March, the seedlings can be slowly hardened on the balcony. By mid-April, it becomes quite strong and lush and can be prepared for planting at your summer cottage.

Among the many early varieties suitable for growing in the middle lane, I would like to mention such a variety as Sturon. It not only ripens early, but also tastes great. In addition, it has a fairly high percentage of germination and, accordingly, a high yield.

The only thing you should know is that this variety is not suitable for obtaining a green feather.

Another early ripening variety worth paying attention to is Stuttgarter Riesen. The same high-yielding and high germination rate. He is loved by many gardeners for his excellent qualities.

And the last variety, which also cannot be ignored, is the high-yielding Centurion onion, which is sown even on an industrial scale.

It has a slightly tangy taste and is very good for long-term storage. However, this variety is also grown for feathers.

Growing onions from seeds for greens

Growing this crop for greens is the most traditional way. Fresh vitamins are always good. Many, for sure, put a glass with a sprouted head on the windowsill and pinch off the emerging green feathers.

However, growing onions for greens is better with sowing than with seeds. The duration of the growth of greenery grown by seeds with top dressing and proper care will be up to two years. Whereas from the heads - only a few weeks.

For planting crops on greens, varieties such as batun, tiered onions, chives and leeks are well suited. These are all early ripening varieties, so they can be planted directly into the soil (in spring).

If you grow green onion seeds in the fall, then it is important to cover the beds well with snow and insulate them with spruce branches.

When growing seedlings, the soil for planting must be prepared already in the fall. Before this, the seeds must be germinated. Sprouted seeds are planted in the ground to a depth of 1 cm. Moreover, they are sown two months before the moment when they start planting sprouted greens in the soil.

Before the first shoots appear, the temperature should be about 25 degrees. When they appear, the temperature must be lowered to 10 degrees, then raised again, but already to 20.

After the seedlings grow up to 20 cm and 3-4 leaves appear on it, you can prepare it for planting on the street. This usually happens around the 15th of April.

Seedlings are planted in a line with a row spacing of up to 20 cm. At the same time, the roots are slightly trimmed.

How can you grow an Exibition variety from seeds in one season?

In addition to growing onions for greens, they are also planted on a turnip. For this, varieties are selected that have good head quality. One of these varieties is a handsome man - Exibishen.

This variety has a rather large head size compared to others. The weight of one head reaches up to 700 - 800 grams. This variety came to us from Holland, and every year it is gaining more and more popularity.

As usual, to grow this great variety, you need to start with preparing the soil. There are no special and special requirements for this. You can use the soil both from the garden and purchased in the store.

Plant the seeds in small plastic containers with a lid. Then you get a kind of mini-greenhouse. But if there is no such container, you can use any boxes, pots, etc. Before sowing seeds, they should be soaked for two days in water at room temperature, and even slightly warm, temperature.

Before planting, the land is watered abundantly. Sowing can be done quite densely, while the depth of the seeds is 1 cm. Wrap the box with the planting with film material and put it in a warm place, somewhere near the battery. At the same time, the air temperature should not be less than 20 degrees. If the conditions are met, then the sprouts will appear on the 7th day.

The sprouts have appeared, and the film can be removed, and the seedlings can be exposed to the light. As they grow, mineral fertilizing is applied. Onions love complex fertilizers.

Further, hardening begins. For the first time, the plants can be taken out into the air in the warm part of the day for just a couple of hours. In the future, that time can be gradually increased.

When the important moment comes for transplanting sprouts in your area, and this should be stable warm weather, you can start the procedure in a good mood. Since the bulbs are large as a result, this must be taken into account when replanting. Therefore, it is better to make the interval between the rows at least 30, and between the seedlings at least 20 cm. It is necessary to plant at a depth of at least 3 cm. The roots and shoots of the plant can be cut a little.

After planting the seedlings, it is necessary to ensure regular watering. However, overflow should also be avoided. Water for irrigation should be warm. It is also necessary to take care that the onion does not overgrow with weeds. For this, chemicals sold in the store are used, which are applied along the black earth about a week before the start of planting work. This will help provide weed protection throughout the growth and maturation of the plants.

To protect the seedlings from parasites, experienced gardeners advise planting carrots nearby. It turns out that when paired, these plants easily cope with all sorts of parasites.

If you approach the matter correctly and carry out all the work correctly, you will get an excellent harvest in the fall.

Features of growing leeks from seeds

Leeks are very fond of growing our gardeners in their summer cottages, it is a favorite and popular garden crop. As you know, it is a biennial plant. But now they have learned to grow it in just a season.

If you properly care for it, you can get stems weighing from 100 to 600 grams. In addition, this variety is characterized by high cold resistance. The main advantage of leek is the high concentration of vitamin C in it, which, by the way, it not only preserves during winter storage, but even accumulates.

A feature of this variety is that its seeds are capable of germinating at an air temperature of -2 to 0 degrees. And this is a real miracle. But if you want them to germinate faster, and the seedlings turned out to be excellent, then warm conditions of 22 - 24 degrees are still preferable.

For better germination, the seeds must be soaked in hot water, the temperature of which is 40 - 45 degrees. Leave them in this form for a day. Then hold the seeds by wrapping them in a damp cloth and placing them in a warm place for 4 or 5 days. And only then sow into the soil.

Keep warm. And after the emergence of seedlings, the temperature should be lowered to about 16 degrees during the day. At night it can be up to 10 degrees. This will be quite enough for all the seeds to sprout, and the sprouts that have appeared do not stretch out too much. After that, the temperature rises again.

Do not forget to water the seedlings regularly, they are thin and you should not wait until the soil dries up. Feed every two weeks.When the plants get stronger and grow up, then they can be prepared for hardening and planting on a plot in the ground in a permanent place. But this will happen no earlier than 6 - 8 weeks, after the emergence of seedlings.

Leek is considered an unpretentious plant. However, subject to the correct growing conditions, you can get what you love it for. Namely, a thick white "leg", the diameter of which will reach 1.5 cm.

And finally, a video with details on growing leek.

Video on how to care for leeks from planting to planting in the garden

This video describes a method in which leek seeds are sown on toilet paper using the "Snail" method. Recently, other vegetable crops have also been sown in this way. Seedlings turn out to be friendly and strong.

And also from this material it will be possible to learn how to sow it in a container, dive and take care of it throughout the entire growth period.

And with the onset of warm days, it is time to plant the grown seedlings in the ground. And here you can also see how to do it. Of course, there is a lot of work and worries, but if you want to get a decent harvest, then you can try. And in the video you can see what a gorgeous bow has grown.

And today I also wish you just such harvests.

Good luck with this, and good mood!

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Foreword

Onions have been known to mankind for so long that they are included in the cuisine of many nations of the world. And it is extremely difficult to imagine modern dishes without this onion component. And probably anyone can grow onions. But everyone has long been accustomed to a somewhat long-term scheme: first, nigella is grown, then the seed is grown, from which the samples are then taken, and only after germination we get a good "turnip". But everyone has the opportunity to grow good onions directly from nigella in their personal plot, because agricultural technology is quite simple, and the taste and storage duration of such a crop only increases.

How to grow onions from seeds - the basics

First of all, for growing onions directly from nigella, you should carefully approach the choice of varieties, because today there are over 400 of them, but even 10% of them are not suitable for direct harvesting. Therefore, when choosing, pay attention only to those that were originally bred for a shortened growing technology, and as you gain experience, experiment with other varieties if you have such a desire. And attention should be paid to such varieties as:

• Timiryazevsky. It is characterized by excellent "keeping quality" at rapid ripening;
• Stuttgarten-Riesen. The rather spicy taste of this mid-season variety will appeal to many, well, and the large size of the bulbs, their density, combined with the possibility of long-term storage, make it one of the most successful decisions in choosing;

• Danilovsky 301. Moderately spicy, but at the same time very sweet onion, recommended for inexperienced gardeners for their unpretentiousness with high qualities;
• Odintsovets. Optimal for getting the first experience of growing onions in one summer from seeds. It is characterized by early maturity and medium-sized turnip, rather spicy, almost without a sweetish aftertaste;
• Golden spool. Essentially universal (you can both grow a set and a turnip), it has a high yield and amazing taste.

• Strigunovsky. Great for long-term storage, moderately spicy, moderately sweet and juicy onions;
• Carmen. The bulbs are dark red, semi-sharp. Only 120-130 days pass before harvesting. Great for storage;
• Arzamassky. Very spicy and juicy onion, has a high taste, however, it can be stored for no more than 4-6 months (depending on conditions).

There are quite a few varieties suitable for annual cultivation: you can pay attention to Bessonovsky, Svirsky and many Dutch hybrids. In short, there is plenty to choose from.

When you have decided on the seeds, it is worth deciding exactly how the cultivation will be carried out, because you can go in three ways:

• landing directly into the ground for the winter of all planting material. Disembarkation is carried out only after light freezing of the ground;
• planting in the ground in early spring immediately after the ground thaws;
• germinating seeds for seedlings - planting in pots at home in mid-February.

In order to grow onions from seeds to guarantee a high yield, the available seeds must be checked for germination before planting (regardless of the method). The check consists in taking about 1-5% of the seeds and soaking them in a damp cloth for about 14-21 days. If the seeds began to show signs of awakening, then they can be planted. If the results are not impressive, then you will have to find another seed. The check is carried out no later than a month before disembarkation, but no earlier than 2.

Preparation of seeds and beds

Of course, both the planting material and the soil must undergo appropriate training. With regard to seeds, it should be said that they must be protected from fungal infections. To do this, they are immersed in hot (45-55 gr. Celsius) water, and before that they are wrapped in a clean white cotton cloth. It is necessary to keep the planting material in hot water for at least a quarter of an hour, and only then place it in cold water for a minute. After such a contrasting "bath" the seed must be soaked for 24 hours in warm water. After a day, they are taken out of the water and, without unrolling the fabric, they are kept for another 1-2 days, periodically moistening the fabric blanket.

The second option for the prevention of fungal infections can be called the placement of seeds (all in the same linen bag) in aerated water for 20-24 hours, after which they are slightly dried in a well-ventilated room.

Also, some gardeners resort to soaking seeds in a fruit-forming stimulator for a day. However, the seed is pre-washed in pink potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes. After the stimulant, the seed is dried to light flowability, then you can start sowing. The landing date is April 20-25.

As for the preparation of the soil, depending on the date of planting, it is prepared in different ways:

• Autumn landing

The soil in the place of formation of the bed should be pre-covered with a layer of humus, which can be replaced with peat mixed with compost in a ratio of 1 to 1. If necessary, it is worth adding mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen-containing ones.

• Spring disembarkation

Again, they dig up the earth for spring planting, forming a bed. When digging, compost or peat is introduced, nitrophoska and superphosphate are added (1 tbsp. Spoon per 1 square meter of soil). Experienced gardeners add wood ash when digging, but there are often options when ash is added directly to the hole before planting the seed.

The choice of a place for the garden is quite important, since the onion not only grows best with good insolation (ideally, direct sunlight should hit the plant throughout the day), but also with a good choice of a place in terms of finding the following crops in it last season :

• potato;
• any legumes;
• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• cabbage.

You should not use the same soil for planting onions for two seasons in a row, as it is very critical to the amount of nitrogen in the soil.

The bed should be formed in the following way: length up to 5 meters (for ease of maintenance), width from 0.6 to 0.8 meters, height relative to the furrow - not less than 150, but not more than 200 mm. The formed bed should be shed (2 liters of water per 1 sq.m. of the bed) with a weak solution of copper sulfate (1 tablespoon per bucket of water). Then she is covered with a film for 2-3 days.If we are talking about planting in the winter, then you will have to keep the bed under the film until the onset of frost, but at the same time make sure that weeds do not appear. If those have come out, then they must be thoroughly weeded before planting.

Planting seeds

If nigella is planted in spring, then the formation of crops must be done as follows. We will confuse from the edges of the bed by 10 cm, make grooves no more than 2 cm deep with an interval of 20 cm.

Each groove is filled with nigella with an interval of 2.5-5 cm. That is, only for 1 sq. M. it will take about 80 seeds.

To simplify control over the frequency of planting, you can resort to regular chalk, which is ground into dust - the resulting powder is scattered over each seed, which visualizes planting. Nigella from above is not sprinkled with earth, as it would be when growing seedlings or sampling, but instead of soil, sawdust is used (preferably birch as more rapidly decomposing), peat or humus (as an option, purchased humus).

In no case should you water the seeds until the very shoots, because when the grooves dry out, a crust forms on the soil, which is difficult to break through for young plants. To prevent the soil from drying out, you can arrange a film greenhouse at a height of 250-300mm. If we were talking about how to plant onions with seeds in infertile soil, then there is hardly anything to advise that goes beyond the above, and it remains to hope that the preparation carried out will be enough.

As soon as the plants gain strength, and they have 2-3 true leaves, thinning is carried out. The greens of the weeded bulbs can be used for food - they are tastier and more nutritious than during the rest of the time. When thinning, the average spacing between plants is set - not less than 5 cm. It is possible that a new thinning will be required by mid-June so that the spacing between the bulbs is about 10 cm, which is very important for varieties with large bulbs.

Autumn planting differs from spring planting, in fact, only by the transfer of thinning to the spring period, as well as by the need to cover the planting with spruce branches. Sowing takes place in slightly frozen soil, the seeds are dusted with humus or peat. It is important to ensure that there is snow on the bed during the entire cold season, which prevents excessive cooling of the soil.

Onion care

After planting onions, some care is needed, which consists not only in timely watering, but also in removing weeds. Watering the onions takes only a short amount of time - from May to June. However, if the onion was sown with seeds, then significant requirements are imposed on the quality of the water: it must be clean and warm. Therefore, water is used for irrigation, which is heated in the sun, for example, in barrels. It is preferable to use rainwater rather than from a well or water supply.

Watering the plant is done once a week, but if it is hot outside and it rains extremely rarely, then the amount of watering increases slightly, or becomes more frequent up to twice a week. On average, in normal summer weather and humidity, about 5-8 liters are consumed. water for 1 sq.m. In a drought, the volume is increased to 8-10 liters of water per 1 sq. M. or watering becomes more frequent at the same volume. As the foliage grows, watering should be more careful so as not to damage the greens. The breakage of feathers leads to a deterioration in the growth of the bulb, and even to its death.

Weeding the beds is carried out as the weeds grow. It should be borne in mind that large weeds, when removed, can damage the root system of the bulb, respectively, it is worth carefully weeding the young growth. To improve aeration of the soil (since the usual loosening when growing onions is not necessary), it is worth weeding the next morning after watering, when the soil is still wet and weeds are easily removed from it.

Harvesting

As a rule, onions ripen by the end of August, usually the yellowing of the feathers serves as a signal.However, if they have not turned yellow, even by the end of the first decade of August, you can start harvesting - carefully remove it from the ground and lay it out to dry in the garden (the onion must be removed to the farm building at night). Drying rarely takes more than five days. Then the feather is trimmed, the root system is also removed with a knife.

Growing onions from seeds is not at all troublesome, because it practically does not require any particular care or some kind of complex agricultural technology. The main thing is to meet the planting dates and carry out timely and non-abundant watering.

Hello dear readers!

Let's continue the conversation about growing onions and in this article I want to tell you about growing onions from seeds.

There are three ways growing onions from seeds:

• first - we grow onion sets, and already from it the next year - turnip onions;
• the second - in one year we get turnip onions directly from seeds, planting them either very early in spring, or by seedlings;
• the third is winter sowing.

But first of all, before we start sowing seeds, let's decide what varieties we will plant.

The method of cultivation and the timing of planting largely depend on this. Now in Russia there are more than 60 varieties of onions, which can be divided into two groups: varieties of northern origin and varieties of southern origin.

Northern varieties need 16-17 hours of day length to form a full-fledged bulb, while southern varieties need 13-14 hours.

Therefore, if we plant northern varieties in the south, then we may not get the bulbs. Southern varieties require more heat and have a longer growing season.

Also keep in mind that the northern onion tastes spicier and can be stored very well until the next harvest if stored properly.

Southern varieties have excellent taste, but they are stored for a much shorter time.

Most of the Russian onion varieties are long day onions. These are such varieties as: Strigunovsky, Bessonovsky, Arzamassky, Myachkovsky, Danilovsky, Rostovsky, Odintsovets other.

Of the varieties of foreign selection, I recommend - Stuttgarter Riesen, Globo, Densimore, F1 hybrid Bonus.
And if you want to grow salad onions, then you can plant such southern varieties as: Spanish-313, Karatalsky, Lugansky, Krasnodar G-35, Kabo.

Growing onion sets

In the previous article, questions about the basic requirements for growing onions and preparing a plot for onions were highlighted, so we will not return to them, but proceed directly to the pre-sowing preparation of seeds and their planting.

Landing dates. First of all, we decide on the landing date, this is one of the most important points. Sowing is carried out as soon as the soil allows, because even with a slight (especially in dry years) delay with sowing, both the field germination of seeds and the yield and quality of seedlings are reduced. In this case, onion sets ripen very poorly and, most importantly, are not stored for a long time.

In central Russia, planting is best done in the last decade of April, if the weather does not bring any surprises.

And one more thing, although it is believed that nigella (also called onion seeds) retains its germination without loss for 2 years, but I advise you to still use annual seeds.

Seed preparation. First of all, let's check the seeds for germination, for this we place a few pieces of seeds between layers of damp cloth and put them in a warm place. If after a while sprouts appear, then you can start preparing for sowing.

Next, we determine whether our seeds need treatment: the seeds that we buy in specialized stores have basically all already been disinfected (although there are exceptions), but the seeds that you yourself have grown should be treated with any fungicidal dressing agents.

Or you can use a weak solution of potassium permanganate for this and keep the seeds in it for one day.It is very good to warm up the seeds for 30 minutes in hot water with a temperature of about 50 degrees, and also soak them in aloe juice for 30-40 minutes.

To speed up the emergence of seedlings (onion seeds germinate very slowly), soak the seeds in water at room temperature. This must be done 3-4 days before sowing.

Pour the seeds into a cloth bag, filling it in half, tie it and put it in water for 30-35 hours. During this period of time, we change the water 3-4 times.

Then we sprinkle the already swollen seeds with a thin layer on a damp cloth, cover them on top with a second layer of damp cloth and leave them warm.

After two days, the seeds will begin to hatch and you can start sowing, but after we dry the nigella a little so that it becomes free-flowing, we mix it with chalk so that the seeds are better visible on the dark ground.

Sowing seeds. Sowing is carried out in a belt manner on a bed about 1 meter wide with very loose soil. Loose soil when sowing nigella is necessary because it will be very difficult for an onion sprout, which has the shape of a loop, to break through to the surface if we have dense soil or if we deeply bury the seeds in the ground.

In this regard, we sow seeds in grooves with a depth of 1.5-2 cm. It is advisable to maintain the distance between the seeds 1-1.5 cm.

The seeding rate of seeds is very important, since the growing season of the seed, as well as the quantity and quality of the crop, depends on it.

If we sow seeds rarely, then a large seed (samples) will grow, which will not have enough time for ripening.

If we sow the seeds often, we will get an immature small seed (non-standard), which is poorly stored and begins to germinate early.

Then we carefully close the grooves, compact the soil so that there are no air chambers between it and the seeds.

We mulch a bed with sown onion seeds with peat or humus with a layer of about 2 cm, and then water it carefully, trying not to blur the planting.

After that, it is advisable to cover the bed with plastic wrap in order to create a favorable water and air regime for the early germination of seeds. After emergence, the film must be removed.

Crop care. First of all, you need to carefully monitor so that a soil crust does not form and remove all weeds in a timely manner. If we have weeds on crops during the germination period, then the yield of onions decreases to 50%, and the ripening of the bulbs is very noticeably delayed.

With the formation of a soil crust, onion shoots are sparse and uneven, which also leads to a decrease in yield and a deterioration in its quality.

Sometimes weeds appear before onion shoots and there may be a danger of destruction of onion seedlings when weeding and loosening.

To prevent this, it is very good to add a little lettuce or radish seeds to the nigella seeds when sowing. They will come up first and show us the location of the onion rows, and after the onion shoots, the beacon plants can be removed.

When the seedlings have 1-2 true leaves, we carry out the first thinning of crops in highly thickened places, leaving 1.5-2 cm between the plants.We carry out the second thinning after the formation of 3-4 leaves and leave a distance of 4-6 cm between the plants.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that both weeding and thinning should not be delayed in any case, since otherwise thickening accelerates the formation of bulbs, the plants do not have time to form a sufficient number of leaves and the bulbs are small.

Water the onion plantings 1-2 times a week, provided the weather is dry, and only in the first half of the growing season (May - June). Then we stop watering, as the bulbs are ripening.

And 1 week before harvesting, it is recommended to carry out foliar feeding of crops with potash fertilizer, as this contributes to better ripening of the seedlings.

Harvesting, preparation for storage and storage features. We start harvesting onion sets in the second half of July - August (depending on the weather), as soon as the leaves turn yellow by a third of the height.

You can read about harvesting onions and preparing them for storage in the previous article on onions.

It is necessary to store the grown onion sets in different ways, depending on its size. Therefore, the first step is to sort it into small ones up to 1.0 cm in diameter, medium - 1.5-2.5 cm and large - more than 3 cm.

Sevok is best stored in cloth bags and in a dry, well-ventilated area. For shallow seedlings, the optimal storage temperature is 0 ° C, because since it is prone to drying out, at a higher temperature such onions can completely die.

The problem of storing small sets (non-standard) can be solved by planting it before winter, because it does not shoot under any conditions and can give an excellent harvest of turnip onions.

Medium and large seedlings keep well at room temperature (up to 18 ° C). At higher or lower storage temperatures, the onion sets may go to the arrow after planting.

Onion-turnip from seeds in one year

It is quite possible to grow onions from seeds in one year. Our resourceful summer residents have learned to do this very successfully, using two methods: firstly, the early spring thickened sowing of seeds; secondly, it is growing through seedlings.

The most suitable varieties for such onion cultivation are considered Myachkovsky, Strigunovsky and Odintsovets... The varieties are also good Russian size and Exibition, which have very large bulbs (350 g, and sometimes up to 500 g) of a delicate, sweet taste.

Now let's take a closer look at each method.

Early spring landing. Early varieties are most suitable for growing onions in this way, and onions grown in this way will not be stored for so long, so it is best to use them first.

It is recommended to start sowing around April 20-25 (we look at the weather). We warm the seeds, disinfect, germinate and sow very early on the beds prepared in the fall.

The beds should be covered with plastic wrap in advance so that the ground warms up well before planting the seeds.

On the day of planting, we remove the film from the garden, make grooves and spill them with hot water. Then we spread the seeds, sprinkle them with humus or compost, compact the soil and cover the bed again with foil.

We remove the film from the garden only when shoots appear.

Further planting care is the same as for onions, which we grow from sets. The only difference is the need for planting thinning.

The first time the onion should be thinned when it reaches 7-10 cm. The second thinning is carried out after 3 weeks and the third - 2-3 weeks after the second.

As a result, the distance between the bulbs should be about 10 cm. With this method of growing onions, it is very important that the bulbs have time to fully ripen.

To somehow speed up this process, you can do the following:

• In the second half of the growing season, undo the bulbs so that they are half above the ground.
• Pull the bulbs slightly by the feather, as if lifting them in the ground, or slightly prune the roots with a shovel.

With these actions, the process of supply of nutrients from the leaves to the bulbs is significantly accelerated and their ripening is faster.

Some summer residents, in order to accelerate ripening, crush onion leaves, but this method is dangerous because pathogenic bacteria or pests can get into the neck of the bulb.

With this method of planting, it is quite possible that not only onions will grow from seeds, but also onions and onions. Therefore, after harvesting and drying the onion, it must be sorted into large (more than 4 cm), medium (3-4 cm) and small (up to 3 cm).

Then we leave large bulbs for winter storage; medium onions must be consumed first, they are also suitable for forcing green onions; small bulbs (sets) we leave for storage for spring plantings.

Onions through seedlings. Growing onions through seedlings is, of course, troublesome, but not difficult. But there are many advantages: firstly, the onion ripens perfectly by the fall, not at all worse than planted with a set; secondly, at the same time, we get a yield twice as large as when sowing seeds directly into open ground.

We sow seeds for seedlings at the end of February - the first half of March. We grow onion seedlings at home in boxes, seedling pots or other containers with a height of at least 10 cm.

The main condition is that the walls of the containers should not be transparent, as light will interfere with the development of the root system.

Seeds can be sown in 1 cm deep grooves or simply planted densely over the entire area of ​​the container.

Then we cover them with a layer of earth (1 cm) on top, slightly compact, carefully water (preferably from a spray bottle, so as not to wash the seeds out of the soil) with warm water and put the container in a warm place (22-25 ° C), covered with a film.

After about 10-15 days, shoots begin to appear and the film is removed. After the emergence of sprouts (loops), the containers with seedlings are placed in the brightest place, while it is desirable to maintain the air temperature at 9-12 ° C for 3-5 days.

Then it is recommended to increase the temperature to 15-20 ° C during the day and 10-12 ° C at night. If the air temperature in the room is higher, then regular ventilation is necessary so that the seedlings do not stretch out and do not get sick with a black leg.

In addition, if the seedlings grew at an elevated temperature, then later, when planted in the ground, they do not take root well.

Water the seedlings of onions sparingly, do not overmoisten the soil. Before planting seedlings in the ground, we feed it two times, but if it grows strong and healthy, then you can feed it once.

We carry out the first feeding one week after germination, and the second two weeks after the first.

A solution for dressing can be prepared from both mineral fertilizers and mullein infusion by stirring in water in a ratio of 1: 6.

We feed very carefully - little by little.

At the age of about 60 days, the seedlings can already be planted in the garden. By this time, it becomes strong, has a developed root system, 3-4 true leaves and a thickness of 3-4 mm at the base.

Usually, onion seedlings are planted in the garden between May 1 and 10, depending on the weather in the region and on the condition of the soil. She is not afraid of small frosts.

The best time to plant is in the afternoon, when the air temperature is already starting to drop. Before transplanting, water the seedlings well, then carefully remove each plant from the ground.

If the roots are long, then they need to be shortened a little, by about one third. This is done so that when planting, the roots do not bend upwards, since the plant survival rate decreases.

We plant onions in rows with a distance between plants of 8-10 cm, between rows - 20-25 cm.If you are planting large varieties of onions, it is better to adhere to the scheme of 30x30 cm.Immediately after planting, we water the garden well.

Later, during the first week, until the plants take root, we water every day, keeping the earth moist. Then watering should be carried out as the soil dries.

The following agrotechnical measures are no different from those that are used in the cultivation of onions in other ways, namely: weeding, watering, loosening, feeding, harvesting.

On this, perhaps, the article will end. In it, I told you about growing onions from seeds in two ways: by a two-year culture - we grow onion sets, and already from it the next year - onion-turnip and one-year old - in one year we get turnip onions directly from the seeds, planting them either very early spring, or seedlings.

We will talk about the third method - sowing podzimnym in one of the subsequent articles.

See you soon, dear readers!

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