Many experts say that among the advantages of carp breeding are the survival of fish to the reservoir, undemanding nutrition and accelerated growth. Therefore, if there is an artificial reservoir or pool at the summer cottage, you must definitely take advantage of this. But for carp breeding at home, you should know some pitfalls and tricks so that you can get the desired result.
Characteristics and description of carps
This type of freshwater fish widespread and belongs to the genus carp. Its original homeland is Asia, but nowadays this fish is known almost all over the world. Carp has become famous due to the fact that it is quite in demand in the industrial field and it is profitable to breed it.
It is interesting! History knows such a case when English and German fishermen caught carp weighing 38-40 kg on a rod. But the Guinness Book presents a record holder who was caught weighing 41 kg and about 17 years old.
Domestic individuals, unlike wild carps, grow faster and easily take root in the territories of Russia and Ukraine. The most popular breeds in the field of aquaculture are considered to be framed and scaly Ukrainian carp. But for fish farmers from ancient times mirror carp are prized for breeding. Their length is 100 cm, the weight of adult specimens ranges from 35 to 120 kg. This type of fish can be caught only in the Asian open spaces, and in the CIS countries their weight does not exceed 50 kg.
It is interesting! Life expectancy is 50 years. They can lay about 800 eggs if the water temperature is not lower than 17 degrees.
Acquisition of fry
For carp breeding at home, it is advisable to buy fry from fish farms. To do this, you should find out all the necessary information about the farm, about how it has proven itself in the market and how long ago this organization was created. When buying fry, you need to require a license, inquire about the presence of diseases and possible epidemics that have recently occurred.
All these factors influence the success of the future business., because before purchasing, such nuances affect adaptation to a new place of residence, so you also need to look at the conditions for keeping fish. Most novice fish business entrepreneurs believe that if you buy unfertilized caviar and make a Weiss adaptation at home, you can easily raise young animals on your own.
This method of growing is quite effective, but there is one drawback - using this device is not so, it just seems at first glance, this requires experience and special knowledge, otherwise a high-quality underyearling will not work for wintering. If such a decision has been made, then you should prepare for the re-purchase of fry from the fish farm, which, in turn, will take time.
Important advice! Long-term fish farmers recommend purchasing underyearlings aged at least 1 year, which have encountered wintering.
Breeding carp at home
Before breeding carp at home, you need to properly equip the pool or pond. It is necessary to create comfortable conditions for fish.
Breeding carp in the pool
This option assumes a depth of at least 100 cm and a volume of at least 15 cubic meters. Carp - fish takes root in different conditions, therefore, plastic, concrete, ceramics and wood can be used for the pool, forms can also be used of various types. The fish pool should be equipped with a special compressor, filters, drain system, aerators and sterilizers.
But despite the laborious choresMost fish farmers prefer to raise carp in the pool. In this case, it is possible to regulate the temperature and water circulation, and this significantly affects the life of the fish. The pool is effective in that it is easy to set the desired oxygen level in it.
Silo basins appeared not so long ago and have already begun to gain popularity. The design principle is as follows: water is supplied from below and, overflowing around the circumference, fills the container to the desired level. There is also a drawback, the size of this pool is quite small, which is very disadvantageous. Carp should be launched into the pool when microflora has formed. As the fish grows, it is recommended to periodically drain and refill with new water.
Need to know! April and March are the best times to start fry.
Breeding burls in a pond
If the country house already has an old reservoir, it is enough to clean it and provide the pond with plant food. But such reservoirs are not always available, in this case, for carp breeding, it should be created artificially. Preparation will not take more than 1 year... The parameters of the pond according to the technology are as follows: the depth is on average 150 cm, and the area is not less than 300 * 300 cm. Trees and grass are necessarily planted near the shore - this will ensure the consolidation of the edges of the reservoir. At the end, special algae and the rest of the vegetation are planted for food.
Some fish farmers advise to compact the bottom, and this is done with concrete and sand. A rubber film is laid on top of the frozen solution, then water is poured and zooplankton is bred, and then the artificial nature of the reservoir is created. Carps prefer warm water, so filling with cold water is strongly discouraged.
After the whole process, the water in the pond should be infused up to a temperature of 25 degrees on average. To make microflora in an accelerated mode, it is enough to take a couple of dozen buckets of water from a wild reservoir and add it to an artificial pond. It is not advisable to build a container in the lowlands, as well as near roads.
Need to know! Do not allow waterfowl to settle on the pond, they can infect.
Feeding carp
After 9 months of carp breeding, an individual of 500 grams can grow from small caviar, if the fish is given a complete and balanced diet. For fry, such animals are suitable as food: molluscs, insect larvae, ciliates, worms and small crustaceans. According to the technology, carp are bred in a semi-intensive and intensive way:
Semi-intensive method... This method uses agrotechnical and zoological feed, for example: oats, corn and wheat. 1500 kg of fish are obtained per unit area. In the summer season, you will need a large amount of protein; for these purposes, compound feed is suitable, because this is what experts advise.- Intensive method... Carps feed mainly on vegetation and zooplankton. This method has the advantages of not requiring high expenditures for feeding, but there is also a disadvantage, per unit area there is an average of 450 kg of fish. But the food mainly consists of compound feed with a protein content of 40%. If, with this method, you organize a reservoir over a large area, then there will be a risk of an epidemic that can kill all the fish.
It is not recommended to feed fish with a large surplus, the leftover feed will only pollute the water. One individual has food for 3% of the weight of the fish itself... Meals are provided 2 times a day.
Carp behavior in winter
During the winter season, carps eat less and hibernate. If the artificial reservoir is small in size, then the carp may die; it winters well in natural ponds. The problem is the lack of oxygen in the water.
The problem can be solved! It is enough to purchase the equipment. It is necessary to install an aeration device in the reservoir, which will maintain the temperature within 0 degrees.There is also a second option, carp should be moved to a huge room container.
After the first snow melt, it is allowed to move the fish back into the reservoir, but on the condition that the water in it has warmed up sufficiently.
It's important to know! Carp fish in shallow water for several days, then they begin to feed intensively, gaining strength. Fish at the age of three can get rubella, the disease should be prevented in a timely manner. For high profits, it is recommended to buy a set of equipment:
pump;- cage nets;
- barrels;
- incubator for growing caviar;
- filters for cleaning;
- reed mower;
- measuring device;
- sterilizers for ultrafiltration, as well as ozonizers;
- oxygen generator;
- closed type water supply with a return outlet;
- auto feeder;
- backlight.
This equipment will greatly simplify the task and bring high profits to the fish farmer..
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Carp is practically an omnivorous fish and very unpretentious, it feels itself perfectly in small rivers, reservoirs without a current. Favorite habitats for carp are lakes and ponds, where the sun's rays penetrate well, and have a bottom with silt. This fish is hardy, carp can safely stay in low temperature water, as well as in water where oxygen is very low. In winter, carp hibernate under the ice. Thanks to the unpretentiousness of the carp, people have learned to breed it in artificial conditions. But one should not think that this is a very simple process, it must be approached seriously and with all care.
Breeding features
Undoubtedly, a reservoir will be required for domestic fish farming. You also need to take into account certain conditions that will be important for carp. These include:
- Quality water supply
- Oxygenation of water
- Compliance with proper nutrition.
For a detailed consideration of the conditions, it is necessary to determine what kind of reservoir will be.
Carp can be bred in a wide variety of water bodies. Small lakes, ponds, pools are suitable for these purposes. The bottom is equipped with clay or film, concrete or brick would be ideal. This stage of arrangement is very important, however, special attention is paid to water supply when breeding carp.
The amount of water, as well as its quality, depends on what the water supply of the pond will be. According to technological standards, the reservoir should be flowing, but the current should not be made strong.
Pay attention to the filtration system, which is of great importance for reservoirs with a weak flow. The most suitable would be a two-stage filtration, which includes biological and mechanical treatment. Such a system will help to cleanse organic waste and food debris from the pond, and will also ensure the gas balance at an optimal level. Otherwise, you may encounter the problem of pond pollution (see details here).
Features of breeding in a pond
- For fruitful fish farming, the depth of the pond should be at least one and a half meters, but not more than two. If you make the pond too deep, the water will not be able to warm up well, and the carp loves warmth. The total volume of the reservoir should be at least 8 tons, which means that its size will be approximately 3 by 3 meters. For arranging an artificial reservoir, you can use a rubber film for a pond.
- It is best to place the pond in a quiet corner of the summer cottage, in a busy place the fish can be frightened by noise from the road or work process. A prerequisite is good lighting and exposure to the sun's rays, but some can be left in the shade.
- The optimum water temperature should be 24-26 degrees Celsius. With a decrease in temperature, the intensity of fish feeding will also decrease. The fish will even completely refuse food if the maximum temperature is -4 degrees, for +30 degrees. These temperatures are unfavorable for carp.
- The reservoir, as a rule, is not placed in a lowland, otherwise dirty runoff water or melt water can get into the pond during rain and melting snow. The construction of a pond does not differ from the process of building a decorative reservoir. The dug pond is filled with water, and the stocking is carried out only after the water has settled. The best period for stocking fish is March - April.
- To successfully breed fish at home, it is necessary to plant various plants on the walls of the pond, the vegetation will serve as the basis for gluing the eggs.
Features of breeding in pools
Breeding fish is more profitable and convenient in swimming pools. This is due to the fact that in such reservoirs it is much easier to maintain the desired temperature, as well as to regulate the frequency of water exchange. They are easier to clean and much easier to maintain optimal oxygen conditions.
Most often, pools are made of fiberglass, they have the most suitable parameters. Such a pool can be chosen in any shape: square, rectangular, round, or any shape. The size of an artificial reservoir can vary from 1 to 40 cubic meters. Read more about deep summer cottage pools here.
More and more often you can find vertical pools - silos. Their peculiarity is that water is supplied from the bottom and flows down through the top. The silos are small in size, but you can get good offspring of carp in them.
The prepared pool is filled with water, then it is defended for several days, and microorganisms are allowed to appear. A small amount of grass is thrown into the water, several buckets of water from a natural reservoir are poured.
It is imperative to saturate the water with oxygen in the pool, drain it, pump it up. A process such as aeration can be performed with any processor.
Carp breeding technology
Successful breeding of carp at home will be impossible if you do not select a suitable breed. It's all about the climatic conditions that vary from region to region in our country.
The most optimal option will be the varieties that live in the region of residence.
For example, in Eastern and Western Siberia, it is best to breed Sarboyan and Altai carp. In the northern and central regions, the Central Russian, Parish and Chuvash carp will feel great. In the southern regions, it is best to breed Krasnodar and Stavropol carp. However, mirror carp are most often bred, since there are practically no scales on it. Breeding conditions are the same as for other species.
Where to get carp fry
The easiest and most affordable way to start raising fish in your pond in your country house or in your garden is to catch fry in the fall, and in the spring to populate them in a pond. If there is no opportunity to purchase one-year-old carp, the reservoir is filled with fry using the method of growing juveniles (growing fry from larvae in special nursery ponds). If it is rather difficult to buy planting material, it is necessary to have several types of ponds, which will be intended for wintering, breeding and growing carp. If you leave carp in the pond for the winter, it is important to take care of its aeration. Read more about this here.
The easiest way is to buy farmed carp fry from a fish farm or specialty store. It is good if there is such a farm in your region. If not, then you can place an order in another area, subject to the possibility of transportation.
On the video - in detail about fry, carp breeding and conditions of their keeping:
How to breed
Female carp are quite fertile, so a few females and males will be enough for reproduction. For spawning in vivo, the ratio of females to males will be 1 to 2, when fertilizing eggs at home, the ratio will be 1 to 1.
It is not an easy task to establish the sex of this fish, in specimens that have not reached sexual maturity, this task cannot at all be feasible. It is possible to distinguish males from females only during the spawning period.
At this time, a special outfit (breeding) appears on the head of males, as well as on the lids near the gills, which is manifested by rather tough warts, the genital opening begins to take on the appearance of a slit. If you press on the abdomen, the males will release milk. In females, the abdomen increases, it is soft to the touch, and the genital opening acquires a red tint, slightly swells.
During the spawning period, it is necessary to maintain the water temperature, it should be 17-18 degrees. The bottom of the pond, as well as its sides, should be covered with soft vegetation, since the female will lay eggs on the substrate. Eggs will develop within 3-6 days. At first, embryos are inactive, feeding on substances that are contained in their yolk sac. Over time, small fish will begin to feed more intensively, consuming algae, small crustaceans and rotifers.
How to grow
We talked about the temperature, reservoirs, reproduction, but one cannot ignore such a process as feeding carp, because without it, cultivation is impossible.
- Carp should be fed twice a day. There should be a specially designated place for feeding.
- You do not need to give a large amount of food at one time, not eaten immediately, it will only pollute the pond, will rot, which will affect the composition and quality of water in the reservoir. Carp have enough feed at the rate of 3% of their own weight. There is no need to throw food directly into the pond, it is best to feed from the tray by lowering it into the water.
- Carp is unpretentious and eats almost everything. In addition to special feed for fish, compound feed intended for chickens and pigs is also suitable. Such food must first be kneaded to a dough state. He loves fish and earthworms, various larvae, even uses legumes, for example, beans and peas.
Here is such an amazing carp fish, which you can grow at home.
- How much money does it take to start a swimming pool carp business
- Room selection
- Technology for growing carp in swimming pools
- Sales of products
- How much can you earn
- What OKVED to indicate when registering a business
- What documents are needed to open
- What taxation system to choose for business registration
- Do I need permission to open
Despite the fact that growing carp in swimming pools is less profitable than in open water, this method of breeding a mustache has a right to exist. This is explained primarily by a number of advantages of this method of carp breeding. Firstly, it is a high controllability of the fish growing process - it is possible to control the flow rate, temperature, and hydrochemical regime. Secondly, fish can be grown year-round if the pools are placed in a heated room. This is especially true for the northern regions, where weather conditions and a harsh climate make it impossible to breed carp in open water.
How much money does it take to start a swimming pool carp business
Investment in a swimming pool carp business can run into tens of thousands of dollars. The fixed costs of keeping fish are also high. The fact is that the water supply of the pools is done mechanically, that is, with the help of pumps. Hence, investments are required in the purchase of a pumping station (10-15 thousand dollars). Electric pumps - hence the constant costs of electricity. In addition, the water in the pools must be constantly cleaned - here's the cost of filtration and the construction of treatment facilities ($ 20,000).
Room selection
The required area of the premises depends on the planned volume of production and the availability of funds for the arrangement of the farm.As a guide, about 5 tons of carp can be grown on 25m2. In the conditions of private household plots, fish farmers manage to place pools even in barns and basements. The requirements for the room are as follows: the presence of heating, electricity - 220 V and ventilation.
Technology for growing carp in swimming pools
Carp are grown in rectangular pools with an area of 15 to 200 thousand / m3. The water depth in the pools must be at least 1 m. The pools themselves can be made of different materials: wood, metal, fiberglass, plastic, concrete. The cheapest option is plastic pools, which are also the most common in small farms. The shape can also be different: round, square and rectangular.
In addition to the pools themselves, creating conditions for fish farming requires the purchase of the following equipment: taps, aeration systems, compressors, aerators, filter stations, UV sterilizers. The estimated cost of the entire set of equipment, including pools for growing 2.5 tons of marketable fish per year, is 700 - 1000 thousand rubles.
The stocking rate of juveniles weighing 50 grams is 300 ind./m3 with the release of live specimens - 90%. Carp fry are purchased from fishing breeding farms. A kilogram of fry costs from 80 rubles. It is better to buy from well-known and reliable companies. For example, "Karmanovsky fish farm" in Ufa, "Golubaya Niva" and JSC "Reftinsky fish farm" in Sverdlovsk, fish farm "Polesie" from the Republic of Belarus and others.
Carp are fed with granulated compound feed. With a full-fledged balanced feeding in 9 months, carp weighing 0.5-0.6 kg can be grown from an egg. The average cost is about 50 rubles per 1 kilogram of growth.
Sales of products
The most difficult thing in business is to find where and to whom to sell fish. Competition in the market is very serious, it is practically impossible to get into the network. Carp is sold when it reaches a weight of 1.0 - 2.5 kilograms (it gains such weight in 1.5 - 2 years). Main distribution channels: fishing shops, fish shops, food and chain markets. Carp can be taken both chilled and live. In the first case, the wholesale price starts from 160 rubles / kg, in the second, it is somewhat cheaper - from 90 rubles / kg.
Experienced business fish farmers say that the pools can be used with greater benefit if they breed decorative fish (carp-koi), and even better - clarion catfish, in them. Catfish outperform carp in many respects, including: content with a higher stock (in Poland and Holland they receive more than 500 kg / m3), catfish absorbs atmospheric air, catfish itself is not cheap fish with excellent taste (especially smoked). Moreover, catfish has an increased growth rate and is resistant to many diseases.
A step-by-step plan to discover where to start
To start the implementation of a carp farming business in swimming pools, you should create a clear business plan, which takes into account the following factors:
- The choice of the location and size of the pool, taking into account the required conditions for the maintenance and breeding of the selected carp species.
- Calculation of required costs and estimated profit.
- Obtaining the necessary documents and permits.
- Pool arrangement, installation of filters, lighting and other accessories.
- Purchase of fry, feed and raw materials for breeding.
- Adjustment of work with suppliers and sales market.
How much can you earn
Initially, the costs should be calculated. The fry will cost - 10-12 thousand rubles, salary costs - 30 thousand, feed - 8 thousand and about 20 thousand more for other expenses. In total, it turns out about 70 thousand rubles. Added to this are the costs of renting or purchasing the pool.
The profit of such a business depends on many factors and, with the cost estimates indicated above, is about 100 thousand rubles per month. As a result, we have a net profit of 30 thousand rubles excluding the rental of the pool.The payback period is one of the disadvantages of such a business, and is more than one year.
What OKVED to indicate when registering a business
For such a business, an indication is mandatory: OKVED 2.03. Fishing and fish farming.
What documents are needed to open
To start a carp farming business in pools, you must register as an individual entrepreneur or LLC, it all depends on the volume of production.
What taxation system to choose for business registration
It is best to choose a single imputed income tax or a simplified taxation scheme for your business.
Do I need permission to open
To open a carp breeding business, you will need a permit for breeding and catching fish from local governments and the State Committee for Water Resources. It is desirable to carry out an environmental impact assessment and obtain the appropriate permission from the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the sanitary-epidemiological station.
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Instability in the country's economy makes people look for ways to earn money. Many people start doing business, for example, raising various animals - broilers, turkeys, crayfish, fish, and so on. A good start for starting your own small fish farm is carp farming at home as a business. This occupation is interesting, with a future perspective, profitable and cost-effective, does not require complex technologies.
Carp farming business at home
Carp fish has tasty meat with useful properties, vitamins, microelements important for human health. Fishing is an excellent calming hobby, which can also be done with your own fish pond, and you can also use this hobby as an additional type of business.
Carp fish is unpretentious and has increased vitality in comparison with other types of fish, therefore it takes the first place in its cultivation at home. In nature, fish can live up to about 30 years. Carp is omnivorous, and very widespread in nature, it has an elongated, short, strong body, with a slight thickening in front, three-row teeth and a well-developed chewing function. The carp family includes, in fact, carp, crucian carp, silver carp, bream, carp. For business, mainly carp and crucian carp are grown.
Carp is subdivided into the following subspecies:
• Common carp (scaly) - the body of such a carp is covered with golden scales. This species is most often bred in the household because of its unpretentiousness, excellent growth and optimal assimilation of natural food;
• Mirror carp - it is characterized by an uneven covering of the body with scales. Mirror carp is subdivided into frame and linear, the difference between them in the location of the scales on the body. Mirror carp is whimsical in food, in unfavorable conditions (cold water) it does not gain weight, but under optimal conditions it grows better than all other carp species. This species is also used for growing in artificial conditions;
• Carp naked (leathery) - scales are practically absent on its body. Not suitable for growing for sale, because it is very sensitive, grows poorly, thermophilic, reacts negatively to the oxygen content in the water;
• Koi carp is a decorative type of carp, on its body there are bright red, orange, black spots in different combinations.
Benefits of growing carp at home
Consider several positive factors in the habitat of carp in ponds:
• Carp fish is unpretentious, survives in the most unfavorable conditions, but still loves warmth. In winter, the fish falls asleep, inhibiting the life processes of their body. At this time, the fish is at the bottom of the pond, buried in the silt.For home growing carp, the artificial pond should be set up half in the shade and half on the sunny side. In summer, with extreme heat, the fish will be able to take refuge in the shade of the reservoir. Breeding carp in artificial reservoirs does not provide for digging a deep reservoir, a pit one and a half meters deep is quite suitable, but the deeper, the better for the fish. The water in the reservoir should be regularly changed to clean water, therefore, a system for purifying and replacing water using pipelines should be considered;
• Compared to other fish species, carp grows faster. In a couple of years, the herd will acquire a marketable appearance. Fish from 1 to 2 kg are caught for sale, and individuals with such a weight are considered quite large specimens;
• The ability to reproduce in carp is developed in the period from three to five years. It usually spawns for 30 days. The amount of eggs reproduced by females depends on the age of the fish. The warmer the water in the pond, the faster the incubation period passes;
• Carp feeds on larvae, molluscs, plant seeds. In domestic fisheries, carp need to be fed;
Business plan development
Financially, this type of business is profitable due to its high survivability, rapid growth and unpretentiousness in carp keeping. After 2 years, the fish already has a marketable appearance, and after 20 years it can reach 25 kg, although fish are not kept in the fishery until that age. Carp meat is meaty, high quality.
In the very first season of growing carp at home, it is possible to get up to 300% of the proceeds and this at minimal cost. Naturally, the amount of profit depends on the size of the pool or reservoir equipped on the site, as well as on the quality of the fry. But fry can be bred in an aquarium.
While the carp is growing, you should think about its further implementation. During this time, you need to have time to conclude contracts with buyers at a bargain price. Carp is popular among the population, they are willingly bought.
In short, for a business, you need to equip a reservoir, or purchase a pool. Then start fry or adult fish there and start growing it. All the subtleties of carp breeding need to be studied by reading special literature.
Setting up a fish farm at home
In order to grow carp, you need a reservoir. Both a natural reservoir and an artificial one are suitable. The optimal variant of the depth and area of the reservoir is 2 meters and 60 m3, respectively. The most convenient option would be to equip an artificial pond in your own yard or purchase a sealed pool, and you also need to think about periodic water purification. Before putting fish into a pond, the water in it should warm up well during the day. The launch of fish into the reservoir is carried out in March, and already in November, with a favorable outcome, the carp gains weight up to 1.5 kg.
Fish feeding
Carp are fed at the same time and in the same place - in the morning and in the evening. Such a feeding regime develops a habit in the carp and already at the appointed hour he himself comes to the feeding place in order to eat. Also, this feeding method is very helpful in catching large fish when needed. Vegetable food, worms and compound feed are suitable as food for carp. In order for the fish to be environmentally friendly, no chemical additives should be used.
At the optimum water temperature in the reservoir (30 ° C) and in the presence of a sufficient amount of food, carp grows well and gains weight. The fish reacts normally to the composition of water, they easily tolerate a short period of low water saturation with oxygen. In winter, carp forms mucus on the surface of the body and hibernates at the bottom of the reservoir in a layer of silt. To prevent carp from suffocating in the water in winter, holes need to be drilled on the surface of the pond if the pond is covered with ice and in the future, make sure that they are always open and not covered with a crust of ice. In winter, carp is not fed, and it does not eat, because it is asleep.Carp in this state slows down respiration and metabolism.
Carp are bred intensively, extensively and semi-intensively. They differ in the composition of the feed.
The extensive method of growing carp is based on feeding it with natural, natural food. Under natural conditions, cyprinids feed on the so-called biomass in the reservoir, for example:
• Zooplankton - organisms living in water - cyclops, rotifer, daphnia;
• Zoobenthos - organisms that live in the water body: worms, larvae, molluscs;
• Fauna that lives on plants under water: bloodworms, sponges, molluscs;
• Detritus - remains of decomposition of vertebrates and invertebrates;
• Remains of decomposed plants;
When using this method of growing carp, no additional feed is used, and the carp feeds only on the food that is in the reservoir. This method has an advantage - it does not require large investments, disadvantages - the fish gains weight poorly.
The semi-intensive method involves feeding carp with the addition of proteins and carbohydrates. For feeding, such carbohydrate feeds as corn, wheat, barley are used. The protein is given in the form of maggots, which are bred specifically for feeding the fish. The advantage of the semi-intensive method is that the investment in the business is low and that the water is used more fully. The disadvantage of this method is that protein feeding depends on the season and water temperature, therefore, in unfavorable periods, the increase in fish weight decreases. This growing method is suitable for raising carp at home.
The intensive method of carp breeding consists in feeding the fish only balanced protein feed. Easily digestible food reduces the production of faeces in fish, therefore, thanks to this way of growing carp, the pond does not need to be cleaned and water changed so regularly. The important advantages of this method are the maximum use of the pool area, since in this case the fish are populated quite densely, a high increase in body weight, and high-quality meat. Disadvantages - additional aeration of the water is required, due to the high stocking density of carp, as well as the risk of developing fish diseases.
The intensive home breeding method is the most popular. Experienced farmers grow up to 20 tons of fish from 1 hectare of water area, this is a great option to save resources. The most unpleasant aspect of such fish farming is the incidence of diseases in the herd. This happens precisely due to the fact that the fish is planted tightly in the reservoir. The water in such reservoirs becomes clogged very quickly, therefore it is necessary to provide for a high-quality pond cleaning system. In artificial reservoirs or pools, this method of carp breeding implies a large consumption of feed, since the fish does not have access to natural food, this disadvantage increases the production cost.
Features of carp breeding in the pool
Breeding carp in a pool has several advantages. The pool can be placed where it is needed and convenient, for example, in a greenhouse, where you can combine the cultivation of fish and vegetables. It is easier to maintain the required water temperature, water exchange rate, oxygen requirements and sanitary hygiene of the tank in the pool.
For fish farming, fiberglass pools of all sizes and shapes are produced. Nowadays, vertical pools, the so-called silos, are popular. The water is renewed in them outside the box - the water is supplied from below, and it leaves from above. This type of pool does not require a large area of land, and its maintenance is elementary, perfect for a small area.
You can equip the pool yourself, lay out the walls of bricks, tiled with tiles, or you can simply pour concrete using wooden formwork. You can also use other materials for construction - plastic, wood, cement mortar, concrete slabs.The main thing in such pools is tightness, it can be provided with a dense film, which is used to create ponds in landscape design, as well as a system for draining water and providing oxygen. To drain the water, a hole must be provided in the wall of the pool, which must be closed with a net so that the fish does not go away. In natural ponds, water is saturated with oxygen due to the constant movement of the flow of water, and thanks to plants and algae that release oxygen. This is not the case in artificial pools, so you need to install an oxygen supply system, the so-called aerators.
The depth of the pool should be from 1.5 to 2 meters, if you make it deeper, the water simply will not have time to warm up to a temperature of 25-26 ºС. For optimal fish farming, the pool must be constantly and regularly exchanged. This is necessary in order to avoid disease of the herd, since when fish are densely planted, the water is very quickly contaminated with feces. On industrial fish farms, the stocking density of fish reaches 400 heads of carp per square meter. However, at home, it is difficult to comply with all the requirements of a particular fish farming technology, so you should not fill the pool with carp so densely. After the pool is filled with water, it is worth keeping it empty for several days to ensure bacteriological equilibrium. It will be helpful to pour a couple of buckets from a natural pond into the pool. The stocking density of carp in home swimming pools should be observed up to 200 heads of one-year-old individuals per 1 m3. Having arranged the pool under the roof, you can grow not only carp, but also sturgeon, trout and other elite fish varieties.
Growing carp in a natural pond
Breeding carp in a pond at the dacha means creating such a pond on your own or renting a ready-made one. A natural pond is the most favorable place for carp breeding, but before settling it with fish, it is necessary to clean the bottom of it well from silt and debris. The larger the pond, the easier it is to care for it. You can begin to populate the reservoir in spring, when the water has already warmed up well to a temperature of 20 ºС. The population of a pond depends on its nutrient medium. The optimal variant of the population density would be about 500 heads per hectare of pond area.
This amount of fish will be able to safely eat natural food. If you plan to feed carp, then you can populate the reservoir denser up to 1500 heads per 1 hectare of the reservoir. With an intensive method of growing carp (when feeding only with compound feed) in a natural pond, the density of the fish population can be up to 3000 individuals per 1 hectare of the reservoir. At the end of each season, it will be possible to summarize if the growth of the carp's body weight is optimal, therefore, the stocking density is normal, if the fish grows poorly, the density of the population of the reservoir should be reduced.
Breeding carp in cages
Another way to grow carp is to breed it in specialized cages. Nylon bags are made of rectangular nylon mesh, which must be attached to a floating base. The size of such grids can be approximately 6 × 4 × 2.5 meters. Fry is launched into the cages and lowered into the reservoir, the density of the population of fry per one cage is up to 200 pieces per 1 square meter. It is also necessary to ensure the supply of oxygen and lighting at night. Backlighting is necessary to attract natural food for the fry - insects.
In general, the fish business is quite profitable and not troublesome. The costs necessary for building a farm are not large, they mainly go to the construction of a reservoir, and if you use a natural reservoir for breeding carp, you will need to spend money only on cleaning it. You will also need to buy fry for herd breeding and feed. In the future, the costs will go to the purchase of feed and fry. One carp requires feed up to 5% of its weight. Monthly feed costs can range from 6,000 rubles.The cost of fry is about 500 rubles per 100 pieces. The price of 1 kg of carp varies from 200 to 500 rubles, depending on the region. If you sell up to 20 pieces of carp daily, you can earn up to 10,000 rubles per day - the profit is pretty good, therefore, carp breeding at home as a business is quite profitable.
