Content
At first glance, such a business may seem difficult, but if you take into account some of the nuances, it is quite possible to achieve this goal. To breed crucians in a pond, you will need to buy or rent at least a small piece of land. The area of the planned reservoir is calculated based on the number of fish that you want to settle there.
You can buy the right amount of fry, or just catch a few crucians during the spawning period. Then they need to organize optimal conditions for breeding and raise fry using convenient technology. It is very important to observe the temperature regime and feed the fish correctly, otherwise there is a risk of their death.
Where should you start?
Experienced farmers are advised to start breeding crucian carp with the selection of producers. For this, several males are taken from the golden crucian carp, and the females are selected among the silver. The size of all individuals should be approximately the same.Females should be around 3-5 years old and start spawning in June.
The pond is prepared for spawning by filling it with water. An artificial spawning ground can also be used, but if a pond is chosen, then you need to protect it from drying out.
Later, the fry should be moved to a larger pond by carefully draining the water. This is done with extreme care so that small fish do not get stuck in the thickets of grass at the bottom of the pond.
If there are a large number of fish in one pond, there is high competition among the population and the crucian carp grows small. Introduce a small pike (about 20 cm) into the pond, which will eat small fish, while the rest will grow larger.
How to prepare a reservoir?
You can use a small pond, an old firefighter of rates or a decorative pond, which you can build on your summer cottage with your own hands and additionally decorate. So he will act as a decoration for the site and will allow you to build a small farm.
2 meters deep and about 25 square meters should be sufficient. It makes no sense to dig a deeper pit, otherwise the reservoir will not warm up well. By the way, crucian carp are quite frost-resistant and are able to withstand severe freezing of water (it is necessary that the layer of unfrozen water be more than 1 meter). In the spring, when the water warms up to 14 degrees, the crucian carp is dug out of the silt and the spawning season begins.
In winter, the fish must be provided with the conditions necessary for life, otherwise the crucian will suffocate. Some farmers make holes in the ice and cover them with straw, but it is much more efficient to install small aerators. If such conditions cannot be created, then the crucian carp can survive the winter in barrels with air supply filters and sterilizers, which are placed in a warm place.
Then the pond is filled with river or spring water. Immediately it is impossible to populate fry into it, it will be necessary to wait for some time until the necessary microflora multiplies in the water. The optimum water temperature is 22 C.
Fish feeding
Breeding crucian carp in the country is impossible without proper feeding of fish. Ideally, a dedicated feed is perfect, but plant-based feed, mixed pig feed, and unsalted cereals can be used.
It is a little easier to grow fish in a natural pond. In nature, fish feeds on living creatures from the bottom of the reservoir and algae, but it also needs to be fed with compound feed, otherwise the weight gain will be small.
For feeding, you will need a couple of small stainless steel sheets, which are lowered into a pond at about the same time twice a day and food is poured on top of the sheets.If the crucian carp cannot cope with it, the remains are removed along with the sheets, otherwise the water in the pond can quickly become unusable.
Earthworms and insect larvae can be taken as the basis of the diet. There should be no problems with the production of such natural food in the warm season in the country.The approximate volume of steamed grain on the menu is about 5% of the weight of the fish. If 20 crucians are released in your pond, the approximate weight of each of them is about 150 grams, then 100 grams of grain are given at a time.
When breeding crucian carp in a pond in the country, it is optimal to feed them once or twice a day. In general, the appetite of the fish will depend on the weather conditions and the temperature in the pond (the colder, the less active the crucian carp will be and its feeding should be stopped altogether as soon as the water temperature drops below 10 degrees). During this period, the fish will burrow into the silt and winter.
If the crucian carp is grown in a specially equipped covered pond, which is heated in the autumn-winter period, then the feeding does not need to be stopped. Moreover, the cost of purchasing the equipment necessary for heating and lighting will pay off much faster, because the growth of fish will not stop and it will reach its presentation much faster.
For beginner farmers, we present a number of simple recommendations:
- chop the fish fry feed carefully;
- keep the pond clean and that predatory insects do not appear in it;
- if it is an open reservoir, then sprinkle it with peat crumbs in the spring so that the ice melts faster;
- place pieces of limestone or marble on the bottom of the pond if the water is too soft. Hard water is more suitable for breeding crucian carp.
Calculation of finance
The average purchase price of fish fry is 60-120 rubles per kilogram, while the weight of each fish will be no more than 50 grams. If an artificial pond of 5 hectares has been created, then at least 40 kilograms of fry should be put into it. At the same time, one must take into account the fact that in the process of growth, about 10% of the fish may simply die.
In total, for the start, you will need 300-400 thousand rubles, since the breeding of crucian carp is somewhat cheaper than, for example, trout. Fish farming as a business has only one significant drawback - the farm will pay off only after 3 years. Until that moment, the minimum profit will only be enough to cover current expenses.
But then from the named number of fry you will get about 4 thousand large carps with an approximate weight of 2 kg. Even if you sell fish on the market at wholesale prices (100 rubles / kg), you will be able to earn at least 900 thousand rubles.
Cultivation of crucian carp in small reservoirs.
Crucian carp is a fish whose meat is not inferior to carp in its taste and nutritional qualities, which makes it advisable to grow crucian carp both in the same reservoir with carp, and separately, in monoculture.
There are two types of carp: golden carp (common) and silver carp. Gold is more common, but silver is preferable for breeding: despite its slightly smaller size and weight, it grows faster and gains weight.
A very useful property of crucian carp is its unpretentiousness and resistance to some serious diseases (for example, branchiomycosis, rubella), which makes it possible to breed crucian carp even in conditions in which carp or other fish species cannot be kept. Crucian carp withstands winter maintenance well, when the reservoir is covered with ice, and is ready to eat almost any food.
The breeding cycle for carp at home is usually two or three years. As for the types of economic ponds required for crucian carp, their technology is the same as for growing carp.
Breeding crucian carp in a pond.
How does carp breeding begin? With the preparation of manufacturers. The most optimal option is to use males from goldfish, common carp or carp for this purpose, and females from silver carp (the percentage of females among goldfish is usually very high).As for the size of males and females, they should not differ much.
Until the start of spawning, females and males must be kept separately. Sexual maturity in goldfish females occurs by the second year, but for breeding tasks it is preferable to take females not younger than 3-6 years.
The spawning period for goldfish begins in June or July.
For carp spawning, you can use the ponds freed up after the carp, since carp spawns earlier, you can also use the wintering ponds. The pond is filled with water 1-2 days before brooding fish are planted there.
How to calculate the number of spawners? Five female goldfish and five males (carp, common carp or goldfish) are enough for 100 m² of fish pond area. Males should be with flowing milk.
The pond should contain enough green plant matter for spawning to proceed as expected, and if there are not enough plants, then artificial spawning grounds should be used.
Goldfish larvae hatch 3-6 days after spawning, these periods vary depending on the water temperature (it is desirable that the water temperature is at least + 20 ° C in summer).
Goldfish larvae are kept in a spawning pond for two to three weeks. To accelerate their growth, fertilizers can be used: peat (100 kg), slaked lime (20 kg), humus (300 kg), slurry (10-20 buckets) and superphosphate (20 kg) are introduced into it before filling the pond with water. 1000 m² of water surface.
The next stage in the cultivation of goldfish in the summer cottage pond is the transplantation of juveniles into the nursery pond. The transplant technology is the same as that of carp. It is worth considering that you need to drain water from the spawning pond slowly, otherwise most of the fry may get lost in the thickets of pond grass and die there.
With this type of breeding, crucian carp can grow small due to high competition among the population. To avoid this, you can put a pike 20-30 cm in size into the pond - it will eat small individuals, leaving the largest ones.
There is another way to grow carp.
Carp fingerlings are launched into a small reservoir (for example, for a pond of 5x6 meters with a depth of 1-2 m, 20 fingerlings are enough) in the spring and reared there to a commercial size.
Food for crucian carp can be different, from the popular artificial feed used compound feed, steamed grain, porridge, you can give peas. The feeding regimen is 1-2 times a day, preferably at the same time. You should watch the appetite of crucians - they should eat all the food no longer than 30 minutes, the remains of the food must be removed from the reservoir so that it does not deteriorate and does not pollute the water.
By autumn, young of the year should gain a mass of 200-300 grams. If winter maintenance is not planned, then you should catch them.
For winter maintenance, you need to provide the pond with oxygen using oxygen generators. In addition, making holes and aeration channels helps. Other types of fish should not be planted in a pond for wintering with crucian carp. The layer of water that does not freeze must be at least 70 cm.
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You can also watch an interesting video about carp breeding in the garden
Breeding of crucian carp in a pond has been widespread in the peasant economy of Russia for many hundreds of years. They were bred in a variety of suitable reservoirs. Crucians perfectly adapted to the conditions of the village ponds, which were intended to quench the thirst of livestock or to water the garden.
They also created shallow ponds with dimensions of 5 by 5 meters specially designed for crucians. Later, carp (carp) was added to them, noticing their getting along with each other. Although for their joint cultivation, more spacious reservoirs are required. Crucian carp meat is in no way inferior to carp in taste and nutritional qualities. You can also breed it at home.
Cultivation of crucian carp
There are two types of crucian carp:
- gold or ordinary;
- silver.
The more common look is golden, but for cultivation, silver is most preferable, although it looks smaller, it grows and gains mass faster.
The advantages of its breeding are unpretentiousness and resistance to many serious diseases, for example, branchiomycosis and rubella. Due to its high immunity, this fish can be grown in harsher conditions than carp or other types of fish. Crucian carp adapts well to winter conditions. When the pond is covered with ice, then in such conditions it is ready to eat almost any food.
How to breed crucian carp at home?
This will require:
- pond;
- motor from the boat;
- sheets of stainless steel or aluminum;
- bucket with holes;
- fishing equipment;
- cereal compound feed or feed grain;
- Pike;
- underyear carp;
- breeding carp.
There are two ways to breed crucians in a summer cottage.
The first way to grow carp
The first method is based on the summer rearing of underyearlings to commercial size. For this method even small bodies of water are suitable, which have a size of 4.5 by 6 and a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 meters. It is necessary to protect the pond from drying out.
In the fishery, purchase up to 20 underyear carp for the above pond size. Plant them in a pond in the spring, after the ice has disappeared. Crucian carp is an omnivorous fish. He eats both animal food, which he himself obtains in the pond, and plant food. They are steamed grain, peas, unsalted cereals, mixed feed for pigs. If possible, feed them specially designed food.
At the same time, once or twice a day feed the fish on the so-called feeding tables, which look like sheets of stainless steel or aluminum. The leaf is lowered to a depth of more than a meter or to the bottom, at a certain time food is thrown at it. Crucians must cope with it in half an hour, then the remnants of food on the sheets rise. The water in the pond will deteriorate if food is left in the pond.
During the season, crucian carp should grow to a commercial size, a gain of 200-300 grams of underyearlings is expected. All individuals must be caught with the arrival of autumn, as they can die from a lack of oxygen.
The second way to grow carp
The second way of growing crucian carp is direct breeding. To do this, you need to acquire manufacturers. They are taken from a natural reservoir, the golden carp is the best producer, there may be a certain number of silver individuals among them.
Males are preferable to the golden species, and females are better to take the silver one. Their sizes should be approximately the same. Before spawning females should be kept separate from males... Sexual maturity in silver females occurs by the second year, but for breeding purposes, an age of 3-6 years is preferable. The spawning period begins in June or July. The pond must be large and at least 1.5 meters deep, plants must be planted there, which is a prerequisite for spawning.
After spawning, the larvae appear on the 3rd-6th day. These terms depend on the temperature of the water, if it is above 20 degrees, then they are reduced. They are kept in a spawning pond for two to three weeks; fertilizers are useful for their growth, which consist of peat, slaked lime, humus, slurry and superphosphate. Fertilizer is applied before the pond is filled with water.
The next stage in breeding crucian carp in a home pond is the transplantation of young animals into a nursery pond. The transplant technology is identical to that of carp. Please note that it is necessary to drain the water of the spawning pond slowly, otherwise the young will get entangled in the grass and die. It is necessary to feed carp in the same way as described above. You also need to catch them in the fall.
In order to avoid winter frost, it is necessary to make ice holes in the ice. In order to aerate the water in winter, it is necessary to use electric motors with activators on the axle. They are immersed in a wormwood, protected by a casing from a perforated bucket. The size of the holes should be smaller than the fish, otherwise, out of curiosity, it will swim there, there should be a lot of them. Also an aeration channel can be used - outlet from the reservoir, which is closed with a fish-protection net, equipped with a propeller-driven outboard motor.
When breeding in the second way, the fish will surely become smaller, since after spawning in the pond there is a large amount of it. The fry act depressingly on each other and interfere with the development of large individuals. To provoke natural selection and bring the population to the required amount, release a small pike 25-30 cm long into the pond, which will begin to eat small fish. At the end of summer, you will catch her with a spoon.
Useful Tips
Watch out for predatory insects in the pond, and remove swimming beetles and their large larvae. The fish will destroy small larvae by itself.
- The fry feed should be crushed to form a paste.
- A fire pond is suitable for breeding crucian carp.
- To make the pond “throw off” the ice faster, sprinkle the surface with peat chips in the spring.
- If the water in the pond is very soft, then it is better to lower natural pieces of marble or limestone to the bottom. This type of fish prefers hard water.
How pleasant it is in the summer in the morning, throwing a fishing rod into your own pond, and catch a few crucians for breakfast.
At first glance, such a business may seem difficult, but if you take into account some of the nuances, it is quite possible to achieve this goal. To breed crucians in a pond, you will need to buy or rent at least a small piece of land. The area of the planned reservoir is calculated based on the number of fish that you want to settle there.
You can buy the right amount of fry, or just catch a few crucians during the spawning period. Then they need to organize optimal conditions for breeding and raise fry using convenient technology. It is very important to observe the temperature regime and feed the fish correctly, otherwise there is a risk of their death.
Where should you start?
Experienced farmers are advised to start breeding crucian carp with the selection of producers. For this, several males are taken from the golden crucian carp, and the females are selected among the silver. The size of all individuals should be approximately the same. Females should be around 3-5 years old and start spawning in June.
The pond is prepared for spawning by filling it with water. An artificial spawning ground can also be used, but if a pond is chosen, then you need to protect it from drying out.
Later, the fry should be moved to a larger pond by carefully draining the water. This is done with extreme care so that small fish do not get stuck in the thickets of grass at the bottom of the pond.
If there are a large number of fish in one pond, there is high competition among the population and the crucian carp grows small. Introduce a small pike (about 20 cm) into the pond, which will eat small fish, while the rest will grow larger.
Useful article: Clarium catfish breeding as a business.
How to prepare a reservoir?
You can use a small pond, an old firefighter of rates or a decorative pond, which you can build on your summer cottage with your own hands and additionally decorate. So he will act as a decoration for the site and will allow you to build a small farm.
2 meters deep and about 25 square meters should be sufficient. It makes no sense to dig a deeper pit, otherwise the reservoir will not warm up well. By the way, crucian carp are quite frost-resistant and are able to withstand severe freezing of water (it is necessary that the layer of unfrozen water be more than 1 meter). In the spring, when the water warms up to 14 degrees, the crucian carp is dug out of the silt and the spawning season begins.
In winter, the fish must be provided with the conditions necessary for life, otherwise the crucian will suffocate. Some farmers make holes in the ice and cover them with straw, but it is much more efficient to install small aerators. If such conditions cannot be created, then the crucian carp can survive the winter in barrels with air supply filters and sterilizers, which are placed in a warm place.
Then the pond is filled with river or spring water. Immediately it is impossible to populate fry into it, it will be necessary to wait for some time until the necessary microflora multiplies in the water. The optimum water temperature is 22 C.
Recommend material: Growing sturgeon at home.
Fish feeding
Breeding crucian carp in the country is impossible without proper feeding of fish. Ideally, a dedicated feed is perfect, but plant-based feed, mixed pig feed, and unsalted cereals can be used.
It is a little easier to grow fish in a natural pond. In nature, fish feeds on living creatures from the bottom of the reservoir and algae, but it also needs to be fed with compound feed, otherwise the weight gain will be small.
For feeding, you will need a couple of small stainless steel sheets, which are lowered into a pond at about the same time twice a day and food is poured on top of the sheets. If the crucian carp cannot cope with it, the remains are removed along with the sheets, otherwise the water in the pond can quickly become unusable.
Earthworms and insect larvae can be taken as the basis of the diet. There should be no problems with the production of such natural food in the warm season in the country. The approximate volume of steamed grain on the menu is about 5% of the weight of the fish. If 20 crucians are released in your pond, the approximate weight of each of them is about 150 grams, then 100 grams of grain are given at a time.
When breeding crucian carp in a pond in the country, it is optimal to feed them once or twice a day. In general, the appetite of the fish will depend on the weather conditions and the temperature in the pond (the colder, the less active the crucian carp will be and its feeding should be stopped altogether as soon as the water temperature drops below 10 degrees). During this period, the fish will burrow into the silt and winter.
If the crucian carp is grown in a specially equipped covered pond, which is heated in the autumn-winter period, then the feeding does not need to be stopped. Moreover, the cost of purchasing the equipment necessary for heating and lighting will pay off much faster, because the growth of fish will not stop and it will reach its presentation much faster.
Interesting stuff: How to get a loan for small business development?
For beginner farmers, we present a number of simple recommendations:
- chop the fish fry feed carefully;
- keep the pond clean and that predatory insects do not appear in it;
- if it is an open reservoir, then sprinkle it with peat crumbs in the spring so that the ice melts faster;
- place pieces of limestone or marble on the bottom of the pond if the water is too soft. Hard water is more suitable for breeding crucian carp.
Calculation of finance
The average purchase price of fish fry is 60-120 rubles per kilogram, while the weight of each fish will be no more than 50 grams. If an artificial pond of 5 hectares has been created, then at least 40 kilograms of fry should be put into it.In this case, one must take into account the fact that in the process of growth, about 10% of the fish may simply die.
In total, for the start, you will need 300-400 thousand rubles, since the breeding of crucian carp is somewhat cheaper than, for example, trout. Fish farming as a business has only one significant drawback - the farm will pay off only after 3 years. Until then, the minimum profit will only be enough to cover current expenses.
But then, from the named number of fry, you will receive about 4 thousand large carps with an approximate weight of 2 kg. Even if you sell fish on the market at wholesale prices (100 rubles / kg), you will be able to earn at least 900 thousand rubles.
