How to grow walnuts at home?

Walnut is a thermophilic durable tree with a very powerful and developed root system, which bears useful fruits. The nut is rich in amino acids and vegetable fats, which have a beneficial effect on many human organ systems. A handful of peeled nuts a day will improve brain activity, digestive system, strengthen the heart muscle, and enrich it with essential vitamins and microelements. Walnut is quite easy to plant at home on the site. In this article, you will learn how to select seeds, germinate for planting, and when to plant in the ground. More detailed instructions are clearly shown in the video.

How to select seed

At home, the most common method of planting by seeds. The seed sprouts within a year if good material is selected. For planting, it is better to select seeds from a tree with large nuts, a variety with a thin shell. Seed should be taken as soon as the nuts begin to crumble. Suitable for sowing undamaged kernels, nuts without visible shell defects, fresh. If you buy nuts for sowing from a store, the chances of germination are very low, since it is not known when they were harvested. You can grow a walnut as an ornamental indoor plant. In this case, the variety does not play a special role.

Attention! If you plan to plant a seedling outdoors, make sure that the selected variety is acclimatized and can withstand frost before germinating the seeds.

Sowing preparation and basic rules

After carefully selecting the nuts for planting, they need to be prepared. For this, the kernels are laid out in one layer in a box-type container and covered with wet sand. The box must be removed to a cool dark place, you can put it in the refrigerator. The storage temperature does not exceed 0-5 ° C. It takes about 4 months to keep the seeds in this mode. In this case, every 3-4 weeks you need to moisten the sand and ventilate the container. After this period, the nuts will ripen as seeds, ready for planting in the ground.

Take fresh nuts for germination

If you collect and prepare seeds in a timely manner, the most favorable time for planting will come - mid-spring, the second half of April. For the future seedling, you need to choose a spacious pot, you can make a specially wooden tub. Sufficient depth for a pot up to 30 cm. This space should be enough for the proper development of the root system.

Advice. If there is very little space at home, you can plant seeds in plastic cups with a volume of 0.5 liters. First you need to make holes at the bottom for air. Drainage can be omitted.

It is better to prepare the land mixture yourself from one part of the turf, part of the peat and the third component - humus. The soil should be of medium acidity and must be loose. Dense soil will not allow the rhizome to develop well. So, step by step planting the seed:

1. Fill the pot by a third with drainage.
2. Fill up with soil mixture.
3. Lay the nucleolus to a depth of 7-9 cm, sideways down.
4. Water the soil abundantly.
5. Leave the seed tub or pot in a warm place with sufficient lighting. Before the sprout sprouts, you can cover with foil or glass.

The sprouts should appear in about two weeks. Proper care of the plant is now necessary in order for a good fruit-bearing tree to grow.

Walnut sprout

In the case of germinating seeds in a glass, when the sprouts reach 10 cm, the plant must be transplanted into a larger container, for example, into a cut bottle. Planted in April, the plants reach a height of about 25 cm by autumn.

Rules for caring for a walnut seedling

If you have been gardening for a long time, then you are not alien to timely watering and caring for plants. In this case, the content of the nut will not cause much trouble. Basic care requirements:

• Lighting. The nut does not like shaded places, it is a sun-loving plant.
• Watering is regular and abundant, but do not allow stagnation of water, in order to avoid root rot. With a lack of moisture, the ovary will not form correctly.
• Fresh air during the warm season. At a constant daytime temperature of + 15 ° C and above, the seedling should be exposed outside, in a sunny place. However, you need to protect the tree from overheating. You can wrap the pot with a wet rag. Make sure there are no drafts and gusty winds.
• Mulching the soil at the base of the tree with peat.
• Top dressing with a complex potassium-containing fertilizer once every two weeks.
• Protection against insect pests, especially during the warm season, when the plant is outdoors most of the time.

If you grow the nut at home as an ornamental plant, then the seedling is moved to a large tub. Every year in the fall, a transplant is needed with pruning of a tenth of the roots. And in order to form a tree, in the summer months it is necessary to remove young shoots, the weakest of them. Remove some of the flowers to prevent over-fruiting.

Young walnut sapling

The walnut tree is resistant to external infections, but with insufficient feeding, watering or the wrong location of the pot, the plant may weaken and develop incorrectly. As a result, it becomes susceptible to various diseases. Of the most famous, especially dangerous diseases are distinguished: bacteriosis, brown spot, root cancer.

The seedling is ready for planting in the ground one year after sowing. Fruiting can be expected in 6-7 years. To speed up this process, it is more convenient to buy ready-made seedlings for planting on the site.

Growing walnuts: video

Usually this is a huge, by our standards, tree up to 25 meters to Greece it has a very indirect relationship: the fruits were brought from the south, and "Greece has everything." Surely, it also grows there, wild forms of this tree are common in Europe.

The tree looks impressive. A separately growing nut not only differs in height - its crown also reaches a diameter of 20 meters.

By European standards, he is a long-liver (second after oak) - specimens of 300-400-year-old trees are often found.

The development of the tree begins with the formation of a powerful taproot, which reaches 1.5 meters in depth at the 5th year and 3.5 meters by the age of 20.

Horizontal ones do not grow immediately - they are formed after the core, located in the surface layer of the soil at a depth of 20-50 centimeters.

The tree begins to bear fruit after 10 years of life, and from the age of 30-40, the time of full fruiting comes.

If trees grow in groups, partially shading each other, they rarely yield more than 30 kg of yield, while a free growing nut can yield up to 400 kg of nuts.

But such cases are rare, only a tree 150-170 years old is capable of such a harvest. Usually an adult tree 25-40 years old in Moldova gives 1500-2000 fruits or 2000-2500 in the Crimea.

Moscow region, central Russia - where else can you plant and grow walnuts

They are found in the European part from the foothills of the Caucasus to St. Petersburgwhere the northernmost nuts in Russia grow. But these are isolated cases, exceptions that only confirm the rule.

These trees do not freeze completely, but they also do not grow at full strength.

The main factor that determines the possibility of growing this southern tree is not at all the winter subzero temperatures. The sum of average daily temperatures above 10 degrees is taken into account.It cannot be less than 190 C.

If in winter the temperature does not drop below -36 degrees and for 130-140 days a year the temperature is above 0 C, the walnut can grow and bear fruit.

The best winter hardiness was shown by hybrids of Manchurian with walnuts.

When planting even the best seed material brought from the south, adaptation to the cold climate does not occur - such trees freeze regularly and practically do not bear fruit.

Varieties from places with a humid warm climate are completely unsuitable for cultivation. (west and south of Ukraine, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus).

Only nuts from eastern Ukraine, the mountains of Central Asia or the Caucasus are successfully adapting to the new conditions of central Russia.

Moreover, it is better to grow a nut from a bone on your own - an imported seedling (even from the indicated regions) will be significantly inferior in endurance and adaptability to new conditions.

Walnut is found in the European part of Russia from the foothills of the Caucasus to St. Petersburg

How and when to plant and grow a tree from a seedling: conditions

It must be immediately planted in a permanent place.... It is unrealistic to transplant a 5-year-old tree. Therefore, you need to decide to take into account all the factors and calculate the consequences.

A vigorous tree is capable of forming a dense shade over an area of ​​approximately 100 sq. M. You will have to delete this area from circulation - under a walnut, there is little that can bear fruit (the strong suppressing effect of the biofield of a huge tree affects).

On the other hand, on this square, you can equip a summer recreation area - walnut essential oils keep flies and mosquitoes away.

We choose a place for planting at the edge of the gardenso as not to shade other trees. The nut is very unpretentious to soils, although it prefers loose sandy-stony soil.

Walnut prefers loose sandy-stony soil, it should not be too fertile

The planting hole is dug so that under the roots there is a layer of stones of at least 25 centimeters.

The bottom of the planting pit must be half filled with construction waste (broken brick, pieces of cement, crushed stone) - this technique allows you to shift the flowering time of the tree by 1-2 weeks (the stones slowly warm up, the nut starts growing a little later, skipping the period of frost).

Half a bucket of ash, compost or humus is introduced into the pit... The soil should not be too fertile, the nut will grow intensively and will not have time to prepare for winter.

A seedling for planting must be taken only from a trusted seller, otherwise you will not get anything except frostbitten branches of a southern tree, you probably will not wait for a harvest.

The walnut tree is planted only in spring, it enters the dormant period too early and does not have time to take root before winter.

It is believed that a nut planted with his own hand from a bone will grow into a tree practically adapted to new conditions, which will develop successfully.

Seeds are planted in the fall directly into the ground to a depth of 7-10 cm... It is advisable to lay in the soil sideways on the seam. Spring planting requires 2-3 months of stratification in wet sand.

Special care for the seedlings is not required - in the middle lane even the nut has no pests.

How to plant an annual nut seedling:

Post-planting care: in spring, summer and autumn

How to care? Walnuts may need watering only in spring and early summer.when there is an intensive growth of green mass. Usually, the soil reserve of winter moisture is enough for the tree.

Only young trees up to 5-7 years old are watered, if it's really dry.

The pivotal root system of the southern tree is adapted to find water in the lower horizons. After 10 years of age, you should generally forget about watering the walnut.

For him, excess moisture threatens to grow too actively, to the detriment of ripening and preparation of wood for winter. Freezing after a wet summer is guaranteed.

In addition to stopping watering, you need to take care of preparing the root system for winter. That's why, trunks must be mulched with any organic matter or compost:

• in summer - to preserve moisture;
• in the fall - to protect the topsoil from freezing.

In especially cold areas, the soil is mulched with a layer of at least 10 cm, especially in areas with little snow.

It is useful to cover the stem up to a height of about 1 m with spruce branches or wrap it with newspapers in several layers (after the first frost). This will help you survive -40 degrees and below.

Such shelter is necessary only in the early years. - the wood must be naturally hardened.

Walnut may need watering only in spring and early summer, when there is an intensive growth of green mass.

How to properly care for the cultivation process: before ripening and after

Like all fruit crops, walnut needs periodic feeding.

In the spring, nitrogen fertilizers are applied, in the second half of summer - only potash and phosphorus fertilizers, which are responsible for preparing the tree for winter and laying fruit buds for the next harvest.

On cultivated soil, nitrogen can not be fed at all, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers can be applied (in terms of the active ingredient) at 10 g / m2.

Practice shows that the rule applies to all cases when the nut does not grow on obvious stones and clay.

What is especially pleasing - in the middle lane, the walnut has no natural enemies... It has already been said that flies and mosquitoes fly around it.

Moreover, a very effective remedy against aphids and various caterpillars can be prepared from the leaves of the walnut, which is successfully used in Ukraine.

We advise: 2 kg of leaves in a bucket of water - insist until the solution darkens, or boil. You can also use dry last year's leaves.

Home remedy absolutely harmless to humans allows you to process trees and bushes with fruit and berry ovaries.

Graft

Unfortunately, walnut cuttings do not take root - propagation occurs only by seeds.

Vaccination is carried out in cases where:

• there is a seedling of probably winter-hardy Manchurian walnut, for which -40 in winter is not a problem;
• the planted variety did not live up to expectations - there was an opportunity to re-graft it.

Annual seedlings are grafted into a split and grown under control in a greenhouse to a presentation.

Young trees that have already produced the first few nuts can be re-grafted by the type of "budding with an eye" - only the bark is removed from the bud in the form of a half-tube (the method is called that) and is combined with the same cut on the rootstock.

Until complete healing, the vaccination site is tied with a film.

The result of grafting an adult walnut tree:

Reproduction in the country

The main method of obtaining seedlings is growing from seeds... To simplify the process, the nuts are planted in the fall to a depth of about 10 centimeters without additional processing. It is believed that it is best to lay them sideways at the seam.

Those who did not have time to bury them for the winter, put them in the wet sand in the basement - the nut must go through stratification, otherwise it will not hatch.

Walnut is renewed by pneumatic shoots in just a year or two. These trees are able to bear fruit literally in the second year, and at 10 - already a significant harvest.

The main method of obtaining seedlings is growing from seeds

It turns out that walnuts can be successfully planted and grown in a country house in the middle lane, in the Moscow region. It is enough just to follow simple rules:

• the right choice of place;
• seedling - only zoned;
• obligatory mulching of the trunk circle;
• shelter of the trunk from frost in the first years of life.

All this is within the power of most gardeners.... Choose a sunny spot protected from cold winds - the walnut will thank you.

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Seed propagation of a nut is one of the most popular ways in which it is important to pick up a good fruit. How to grow a walnut so that the tree gives a good harvest, we will figure it out further.

Seed propagation of nuts is one of the most popular and proven methods.

Germinating seeds

How to choose and how to germinate a walnut:

1. Collecting nuts is carried out as they fall from the tree, you can knock them down.
2. For sowing, the gardener selects large fruits with a thin shell and excellent taste. They take whole nuts, which are free from defects and cracks. Make sure there are no spots or dots on the shell.
3. Do not use store fruits, as they may be old and unsuitable for growing.
4. The pericarp is removed for faster germination. Peel the fruit gently without touching the inner rind.
5. For convenience, rubber gloves are used.
6. The peeled fruits are placed in a container with water. Those that have gone to the bottom are suitable for landing.
7. After cleaning, the fruits are dried in the sun and put in the shade. Do not use heating technology to dry seeds.

Landing

If you do not know how to plant a walnut from a seed, follow the advice of experts. Planting seeds in open ground is done in autumn or spring.

Planting a nut in the fall is carried out on a regular territory, since during transplantation there is a risk of damaging the roots and ruining the plant. The diameter of the hole is about 1 m. The seeds must be deepened by 20 cm and sprinkled with soil mixed with humus.

Planting rules will help to grow a walnut tree that bears excellent fruit:

1. Stratification should be carried out 3 months before disembarkation. Prepare wet sand and place the nuts in it at a temperature not exceeding 7 ° C. After a week and a half, you can see a growing seedling.
2. Select the strongest seed from the sprouted.
3. It is important to place the seeds strictly with the seam facing up. The hole holds approximately three fruits, which should be placed at a distance of 25 cm from each other. The main feature of laying out the seeds is the observance of geometric shapes: three nuts are laid out in a triangle, and four in a square.
4. Fill the hole and tamp the formed mound.

Planting capacity

How to properly plant a walnut in a container:

1. A deep pot with drainage is suitable for planting. The first container should have a diameter and depth of 30 cm. This will allow the tree's root system to fit freely.
2. Each time you transplant, you need to pick up a new pot, the diameter of which will be 8 cm larger than the previous one.
3. The container should be placed in a room that is well lit by the sun. There should be no drafts and wind.
4. When the flowers form, give the plant a shelter from adverse influences from the outside.
5. You can install the pot in a greenhouse environment. The tree does not like too dense soil, the soil should be slightly alkaline, very nutritious and loose.

Growing at home

You can plant and grow a tree at home, but this process is laborious.

How to grow a nut from a fruit: The fruit should be grown in large pots, since this will help protect the culture from severe frosts.

Large containers will provide the plant with the necessary useful components that it extracts from the soil. The walnut grown in this way is of medium size. You should not expect a rich harvest from him. Small in size and fruit of the tree. The taste of nuts is directly related to the care of the plant.

Care

Once you've learned how to grow a walnut from a seed, you need to take care of it. The worst enemy of the walnut is waterlogged or too dry soil. When there is too much moisture, the roots begin to rot and gradually die off.

Insufficient moisture threatens to stop the development of ovaries. On hot days, the amount of water should be increased. You may need to wrap the pot with a damp cloth to cool the roots.

In order to protect the plant from freezing, you need to bring it indoors or cover it with burlap. By a similar method, the culture is preserved from birds. If you are engaged in growing walnuts at home, then you should mulch the soil with peat in the spring, you can use manure, moss. Walnut rarely gets sick, but if spots appear on its foliage, then you need to treat it with a special liquid.

Fertilizers are left during the growing season when the crop needs additional feeding.

Walnut needs additional feeding during the growing season

The transplant is carried out in the fall. To do this, the tree is taken out of the pot and one tenth of the root system is cut off. The aboveground area also needs pruning. A transplant is needed in order for the nut to reach its final size. A tree that has taken root in a tub can be shaped to any shape.

Do not forget the first years of the plant's life to carry out crown molding along with the removal of some of the flowers. This will prevent abundant fruiting. In summer, thin, weak shoots should be removed.

A tree planted correctly will grow healthy and bear fruit. Now you know how to plant a walnut from the fruit.

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Walnut has amazing properties - it improves brain function, the general condition of the body, contains a huge amount of vitamins and has a specific pleasant taste. In addition, it is an indispensable component of many culinary masterpieces. Naturally, many have a dream to eat walnuts when they want, however, purchased nuts are not always good - there are rotten and not very high-quality fruits. Therefore, there is a wonderful way out: to grow a walnut from a nut yourself.

Basic steps for growing a nut Of course, growing a walnut tree will take you a long time - until the seed germinates, until the sprouts get stronger and turn into seedlings, until the tree begins to bear fruit. By the way, in most cases, in order for the nut to start bearing fruit, it must be grafted. This is quite difficult to do without preparation, so if you want one hundred percent result, it is better to buy a ready-made grafted seedling. But if the difficulties do not scare you - go ahead to growing your own tree!

1. Remember: southern walnuts are unlikely to germinate in northern latitudes, and walnuts from the middle lane can die in the south, so always choose the local variety. Fruits (they are sold in stores) for germination, choose large, even, without visible flaws. It is better to plant a nut in spring, so it is advisable to start preparing in mid-autumn.
2. So, you have selected a few nuts and are ready to get down to business. First of all, it is necessary to make stratification - keeping the fruits in wet sand for 3-4 months. Place the nuts in a box of damp sand with their edge up and put them in a cool room with a temperature of 0 to + 6 ° C. Such a place can be a cellar, basement or refrigerator. Take out the drawer every three to four weeks and dampen the sand.
3. It is best to sow nuts in late April or May, in holes 7-10 cm deep, or, if you are growing a tree in an apartment, in a voluminous flower pot. In the spring, sprouts usually appear within two weeks. In this state, the tree should grow for a year. Remember that you need to water the walnut in moderation, and after July it is better to reduce the watering to once a month, otherwise the first frost will destroy your tree.
4. After a year, the nut can be transplanted to a permanent place. To do this, dig it up with the ground, leaving at least 40 cm roots, and carefully transfer it to a new place. Do not plant a nut close to the house: it has a very powerful root system that can damage the foundation over time, and a dense crown, so you should not plant something under the nut.

That's all the main points of growing a walnut from a nut. Of course, the tree will not begin to bear fruit immediately: in early ripening trees, the first fruit bearing occurs in about three years, and a full-fledged tree can stand without fruit for more than ten years. However, when the first fruits appear on your nut, your feelings will pay off all the energy expended and all the long wait. In addition, the walnut is a durable tree, sometimes living up to six hundred years, which means that, with a successful coincidence, its fruits will delight both your grandchildren and your great-great-grandchildren.Isn't that great?