How to grow porcini mushrooms in the basement at home?

Gathering mushrooms in the autumn forest under rustling colorful leaves is a fascinating business, but in natural conditions the fruits ripen only during a certain period of the year.

But the artificial cultivation of porcini mushrooms can yield a crop several times a year, besides, this variety is one of the most delicious and fragrant among those that grow in our area. The porcini mushroom is also called boletus, it has a rather large size and a fleshy leg, we will consider all the intricacies of the technology for breeding these plants at home.

About white mushroom

The porcini mushroom belongs to the family of boletus, tubular. A characteristic feature is the large size of the fruit and the thick barrel-like leg. In height boletus can sometimes reach up to 25 cm, and their caps are 30-40 cm in diameter. The color of the caps almost always has a brown tint of varying intensity, the leg is white. The pulp of the mushroom is juicy, has a pinkish, creamy, gray or white-yellow hue.

There are several varieties of boletus:

• white steppe mushroom,
• white oak mushroom,
• pine (spruce),
• spikelet,
• borovoy.

In our regions, the most common pine and birch white mushroom, less often oak. It is they who are propagated in an artificial environment. Mushrooms in nature are located near the trees corresponding to their name and form symbiosis with the roots (mutually beneficial exchange).

Boletus loves dry drainage soils, short-term thunderstorms, moderate humidity and temperature, and sunlight. It is one of the few mushrooms that tolerates the sun well.

Recently boletus has become a real delicacy due to the gradual reduction in reproduction in natural conditions and the difficulties of breeding in artificial ones. It is one of the most expensive mushrooms in our market. That is why many people try to grow myceliums in their plots or in basements in order to have an expensive delicacy on the table more often.

Porcini mushrooms at home

Growing porcini mushrooms at home

There are two techniques for growing boletus at home:

• Extensive - mushrooms are bred in their natural environment in areas, in forests, artificially propagating myceliums and caring for them.
• Intensive - conditions are completely created artificially, special equipment, greenhouses, and separate premises are used.

The intensive technology is suitable for the commercial cultivation of large quantities of mushrooms. The extensive method is used by amateur mushroom growers, propagating them for themselves. This is the method we will consider first.

Growing porcini mushrooms on the site

Site preparation

As mentioned above, the mushroom loves being close to trees. You can grow boletus on your land if you have coniferous or deciduous trees growing there. Planting is best done in spring.

Choose an area for myceliums that is well lit by the sun, not far from the trees. Remove all weeds in this area and begin to moisten the soil a month before planting. If you intend to use wild seedlings, then you can dig up the soil in the places of the found myceliums and transfer it to your site.

It is also necessary to prepare in advance a mixture of dry leaves and tree bark, which will need to be added to the soil before planting.

Seating material

You can harvest the seed yourself in the wild. Follow these rules:

• Look for mushrooms in the forest that grow under the same trees that are in your area. Choose the largest, ripe fruit.
• When you come home, detach the boletus caps from the legs.
• Pour in a small bucket or bowl of clean water without chlorine, dissolve a little potassium permanganate and 10-15 lumps of sugar in it.
• Mash the mushroom caps into a gruel and immerse them in water.
• Leave the mass in water for a day.
• After that, strain the water through cheesecloth. What remains in the gauze will be your seed.

If you want to propagate only a small number of myceliums, then an easier way would be to cut out the soil with mushrooms in the forest and dig it in whole (piece) into the ground in your area.

You can also buy ready-made powdered boletus mycelium at the store and sow it into the soil.

Landing

So, when you have the seedlings ready, it's time to move on to the planting itself.

• In the selected area, dig a hole 30 cm deep and about 3 square meters. m.
• Mix the dug soil with humus.
• At the very bottom, sketch a mixture of bark and dry leaves.
• Mix the seed with a little sand and spread it over the entire area of ​​the pit. Cover the seedlings with compost. Cover everything with earth from above.

Boletus does not like high humidity, it is necessary to water the soil as it dries and preferably through the irrigation system.

For the winter, it is recommended to cover mycelium with hay, moss or dry leaves.

If you planted porcini mushrooms in the spring, then the first harvest can be obtained in the fall. Planted plots in autumn will yield a crop only after a year. The mycelium bears fruit for 5-7 years. Cultivation of porcini mushrooms in a personal plot is not a difficult process. The only problem is that not all myceliums take root and begin to bear fruit under artificial conditions.

Growing porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse, basement

Now let's look at the intensive breeding technology of porcini mushrooms. They are bred in this way in basements, greenhouses, sheds, hangars and any other premises in which it is possible to organize special conditions.

Room preparation

Inside a greenhouse or any other room, it is necessary to create a microclimate with a constant temperature of + 8-12 degrees and a humidity of about 80-90%. The porcini mushroom needs oxygen, it is important that the area is well ventilated.

The incubation period of the fungus can pass without light, but when the fruits appear, they need light for at least 5 hours a day. Both natural and artificial lighting (fluorescent lamps) can be used. The power of the lamps should not be high.

Seedling

For seedlings in a completely artificial environment, it is best to use Dutch porcini mushroom growing technologies. In Holland, scientists have succeeded in breeding a boletus variety that is most resistant to breeding in captivity. Mushroom seedlings (mycelium) are sold in specialty stores.

The use of wild mushroom seed may not germinate. But if you are ready to take risks, then you can prepare spores for reproduction in the same way as in the above method, by collecting fruits and soaking the caps or digging up areas of soil with myceliums.

Landing

Boletus is intensively propagated in greenhouse beds, in bags, in boxes.

The easiest way is to grow porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse. The process is exactly the same as for planting in a natural environment: holes are dug in the soil, covered with a mixture of bark and leaves, seedlings are laid, the grooves are covered with compost and soil.It is only important that the specified conditions are maintained inside the greenhouse.

In basements, sheds and other premises, either boxes filled with a nutrient substrate or bags are used. For boletus, it is better to use boxes. The composition of the substrate for the porcini mushroom is quite standard: a mixture of hay, husk of seeds or buckwheat, corn cobs, some sawdust. The nutrient mixture, as in the case of planting any other mushrooms, must be sterilized. The seed is placed in the substrate in layers.

Bags or boxes with material are placed on the shelves, at a distance of 5-6 cm from each other. If bags are used, incisions are made in them. Next comes the intensive care.

During the incubation period, the room temperature should be raised to + 23-25 ​​degrees, no light is needed at this time. You should also not ventilate the area, but keep an eye on the humidity so that it does not exceed 90%.

When the mushroom caps appear, the temperature is lowered to +10 degrees, the room begins to be well ventilated. Twice a day, the mycelium should be watered with warm water through a small-drop irrigation system. You can spray water through a spray bottle. Every day they turn on the light for 5-6 hours. After 20-25 days, you can harvest.

Growing porcini mushrooms in a basement, greenhouse or other artificial environment

All this time, from planting to harvesting, it is necessary to maintain sterile cleanliness in rooms with myceliums.

Growing porcini mushrooms in a basement, greenhouse or other artificial environment is a risky business. Mushrooms create symbiosis with tree roots and in the absence of such conditions may simply not take root. In general, boletus is one of the most difficult mushrooms to reproduce outside of natural conditions. In capriciousness, only the truffle itself can be compared with it. But if you still manage to "make friends" with this plant, you will be provided with fleshy, juicy, tasty and healthy fruits for several years.

If you are new to this business and this is your first experience, it is better to buy ready-made mycelium of porcini mushrooms, which will be easier to grow. It is made from myceliums that have already grown in an artificial environment and have a certain resistance to it. You can also buy a ready-made disinfected substrate there. Usually sellers provide care and storage instructions for the material.

Outcome

When deciding to create an artificial cultivation of porcini mushrooms, you should be prepared for failure - boletus does not always bear fruit in such an environment. There are much more chances to propagate a plant in a summer cottage or personal plot, especially if the territory is adjacent to the forest. Nevertheless, many take risks and plant a mushroom at home. If you are lucky, then the efforts will be fully justified.

If you have a basement in a private house, you can use the cellar to store products from your backyard, or you can grow it there. It sounds incredible, but there are many types of vegetables and plants grown in basements.

A well-equipped cellar is suitable for growing mushrooms, as well as herbs such as parsley or dill, truffles, growing oyster mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, strawberries and strawberries, and much more. If desired, such production can be perceived as a business with considerable income.

The most common, in addition to growing oyster mushrooms in the basement, are champignons. Consider ways to grow champignons in your basement.

How to grow mushrooms in your basement

The technology for growing champignons in the basement of a house is one of the common technologies for growing mushrooms underground and does not require complex preparatory work.

All over the world underground mushroom growing is perceived as the norm, and in our conditions such a method of obtaining mushrooms is also quite possible. Special requirements, except for good ventilation, are not required, since the basement has an optimal microclimate and a slight change in humidity and temperature indicators.

Usually, an ordinary cellar is adapted for growing champignons, it is only important that its walls are concrete. The floor is concreted or poured with a cement screed. To avoid the appearance of mold and fungal infections, the walls and ceiling are whitewashed with lime with the addition of copper sulfate.

Ventilation holes or pipe outlets are mounted with a special fine-grained mesh so that small pests do not penetrate into the room during the warm season.

Features of home cultivation of champignons

Growing champignons is not a difficult job, but it requires certain knowledge and proper skill in the technologies used.

There are a number of factors on which the harvest of mushrooms depends - this is the correct compost, timely and sufficient watering of the mycelium, maintaining an optimal microclimate, fighting pests and various kinds of diseases.

If all these conditions are met, growing mushrooms in the basement is quite laborious.

Preparing a room for growing mushrooms

The cellar must be isolated from drafts that interfere with maintaining a certain temperature and humidity of the underground. Before growing mushrooms, it is important to equip proper ventilation, since carbon dioxide is replaced by oxygen at the chemical level.

Carbon dioxide is generated by the decomposition of the compost substrate. As a rule, the supply and exhaust air exchange circuit is equipped. Its arrangement in the basement requires special attention.

The cellar room is pre-disinfected, since fungi are vulnerable to a variety of diseases and infections. As a rule, I use sulfur fumigation, whitewashing of surfaces with lime with vitriol, or spraying with a 4% formalin solution.

The soil in the basement is also treated from possible infection, and the bottom of the surface, where the compost will be, is lined with some material on which the breeding itself in boxes will take place.

In front of the entrance to the basement, a disinfector box is installed, filled with sawdust with a disinfecting impregnation. After all the work, the room is ventilated and the main work begins.

Substrate preparation

When growing mushrooms at home, preparing the substrate is one of the most time consuming steps. There are quite a few open source videos out there, as it is a rather complicated process. It is necessary to follow exactly the instructions for its composition in order to get a good harvest.

A quarter of compost is made of rye or winter wheat straw, and the rest is diluted with horse manure. For 1 centner of straw, 2 kg of urea and superphosphate, 8 kg of gypsum and 5 kg of chalk are taken. After that, horse manure is introduced and approximately 300 kg of substrate are obtained.

This amount is sufficient for 3 square meters of cultivation. If it is impossible to get horse, poultry or chicken droppings are used. But this will negatively affect the yield of mushrooms, which are very whimsical to the basis for growing.

The substrate is made outdoors under a canopy. The straw must be soaked in water for a day and stacked under a canopy along with manure. It is recommended to use urea and superphosphate for impregnating the layers. Then the whole mass is thoroughly mixed, with the addition of other components to the substrate.

Immediately after mixing, the fermentation process begins, and after three days the temperature in such a stack rises to 70 degrees above zero. The height of such a mass is about a meter, as well as the length. The length is about 1.2 m. After three weeks the compost is ready.

The technology of growing champignons in the basement

To obtain a plentiful and healthy harvest, it is necessary to use only sterile mycelium as the main material. They are grown in special laboratories, and for 1 square meter of substrate it is necessary to take 0.5 kg of compost mycelium or 0.4 kg of grain.

Planting mycelium

Immediately before planting, it is required to check the substrate again for springiness.For this, a handful of mycelium is taken and lowered to a planting depth of 5 cm. The holes are positioned 20 cm wide in a checkerboard pattern relative to each other. The grain mycelium simply crumbles over the surface.

Mycelium care

During the entire rooting period, it is necessary to maintain the temperature and humidity (70-95%) in the cellar. For this, the box with the mycelium is covered with newspaper and constantly sprayed with a spray bottle. The substrate temperature should be at least 27 degrees above zero.

After a week, you will notice an increase in the mycelium. At this stage, the surface is covered with a layer of 3-4 cm of soil. This will bring the temperature down to 12-17 degrees. At the same time, the surface is also constantly moistened and drafts are not allowed.

Harvesting

After 3-4 months, the first crop is ready for harvest. Collect only those mushrooms whose caps have a stretched white film under the surface that connects the stem of the champignon with the edges of the cap. Mushrooms with a brown plate are discarded and not eaten in any way.

There is a certain nuance when collecting champignons - they are twisted out of the mycelium, and not cut off. The fruiting period is about two weeks, during which up to 8 waves of the crop are harvested. The yield is about 12 kg per square meter. Approximately 70% of the total harvest falls on the first three waves.

Champignon disease prevention and pest control

By fulfilling the mandatory requirements for planting, caring for the mycelium, diseases inherent in mushrooms can be avoided. But it is better to play it safe and carry out treatment to prevent infection.

At the very initial stage, one of the preventive measures was the disinfection of the basement or cellar, equipment and tools - everything that affects the growth and yield of mushrooms.

When composting, it is necessary to exclude the ingress and interaction of compost with the soil. The compost is prepared on a paved area or asphalt. During the growth of mycelium, the indicators of aeration, humidity and temperature should be monitored. Overheating of the compost is unacceptable.

The material to be coated is an excellent breeding ground for fungus or mold, the multiplication of various microorganisms. Must be thoroughly steam treated.

All work with the mycelium begins in the same sequence as when planting. It is necessary to clean the area around the cultivated mushrooms - mushroom residues, manure, pieces of substrate mixture, etc.

If the disease has nevertheless penetrated the slender rows of mushrooms, then it must be localized and cleaned up as soon as possible. The most common phenomenon is brown spotting - brown and cinnamon unpleasant spots appear on the snow-white caps of mushrooms. This spreads very quickly, so it is very important to rush into processing.

Another type of fungal disease is their mummification - they become covered with a gray coating, dry out and have an unpleasant odor.

The source of infection can only be covering material, compost substrate or remnants of previously harvested mushrooms. As soon as a container is hit by something, it should be immediately isolated from others.

Halogen has proven itself well in the fight against bacteria in the form of various solutions. The rows of mycelium are spilled with its 1% solution. Growing mushrooms in the basement is not limited to champignons, it is quite possible to grow porcini mushrooms in the cellar on your own.

How to grow porcini mushrooms in the basement

Just like champignons, porcini mushrooms grow well in an artificial environment. For their bountiful harvest, intensive reproduction technology is used.

Room preparation

The preparation of the cellar for the cultivation of porcini mushrooms is very similar to the scheme of preliminary work on the reproduction of the mushroom mycelium.

There are slight differences in temperature and humidity indicators. Such mushrooms love temperatures around 12 degrees Celsius and humidity around 80%. He is also picky about oxygen, so the room must be thoroughly ventilated.

The incubation period of the mushroom does not require light, but as soon as the fruits appear, provide them with sufficient lighting for at least 5 hours a day. There are no requirements for the light source - it can be both artificial and natural lighting. The power of the lamps does not need to be very high in order to avoid overheating from such light.

Seedling

For high-quality seedlings, the best options would be to use special mycelium grown in laboratories. This method is called Dutch, since it is the technologists of this country that are recognized as the best in the propagation of porcini mushrooms.

The use of wild natural material will not sprout, but if there is a special desire, you can take a chance by collecting the fruits or soaking the mycelium in water.

Landing

Porcini mushrooms are propagated in boxes or bags filled with substrate. Experts recommend using exactly boxes with a substrate. Its composition is standard - a mixture of hay, husk of seeds or corn cobs, an admixture of sawdust. This mixture is sterilized and packed into boxes in layers.

The bags or boxes themselves are placed at a distance of 5-6 cm from each other. In the bags, cuts are made for ventilation.

The room temperature should be raised to 25 degrees Celsius, no lighting is required. It is also not worth ventilating the room, but make sure that the humidity is not more than 90%. After germination, the temperature is lowered to 10 heat, and a series of airings begins.

Twice a day, the mycelium is irrigated with warm water. They turn on the lighting for 5-6 hours, in which case the harvest will be ready in 3 weeks. Work on cleaning the premises from debris should become permanent, you need to strive for sterile cleanliness.

Outcome

Growing mushrooms in a basement, cellar, or other artificial environment is relatively risky. Myceliums exist in symbiosis with the root system of trees and without them they may simply not take root. But if it is still possible to master the method of artificial cultivation, then a stable harvest of juicy, tasty and healthy fruits will be provided for several years.

Often, the owners of summer cottages want to turn every square meter into a useful one. For example, a cellar or basement can be transformed from a storage place for a crop to a place to grow it. Today we will tell you how to grow oyster mushrooms in the basement, as well as champignons.

What should be the basement

When deciding how to grow champignons in the basement, first of all, you should think about providing the necessary conditions. As already mentioned, cultivation in a cellar or basement will be optimal for mushrooms. Some people try to grow oyster mushrooms and mushrooms in a house or apartment, but it is almost impossible to create comfortable conditions for mushroom growth in a living room. Some mushroom pickers resort to planting in a brick garage, which can be a good substitute for a cellar.

Thus, growing mushrooms in the basement is the most economical and least labor-intensive of the above options today. However, to get a rich harvest, you will have to carefully study the technology of cultivation of oyster mushrooms and mushrooms.

Necessary lighting

Growing champignons in the basement does not require any sunlight as mushrooms grow best in complete darkness.

Proper ventilation

Mushrooms in the basement require the correct microclimate, which is ensured by constantly maintaining the level of ventilation, temperature, and so on in the same indicators.

The ventilation system should not be open windows and doors that create drafts. Supply ventilation may also be insufficient to provide the culture with a constant supply of oxygen. The best option is a forced ventilation system, when metal grates and fine-mesh nets are installed on the air outlets, protecting the plants from the invasion of rodents and insects.

Humidity and temperature

When growing mushrooms and oyster mushrooms, it is important to ensure a constant room temperature and a high level of humidity. Champignons and oyster mushrooms in the basement are grown at a temperature of 12 to 27 ° C and a humidity of at least 65%.

To maintain the temperature in the basement, a thermometer is installed, as well as a heating system (warm floor, heaters). Since all artificial sources of heat dry the air very much, you will have to maintain the humidity manually, having stocked up with polyethylene and a sprinkler.

Zoning

The cultivation of champignons in the basement can be carried out in the most modest conditions in terms of area. To save usable space and plant as much planting material as possible, the construction of racks is recommended. The materials used are metal, plastic and wood. However, it is better to choose stainless steel as a metal, and treat wood with impregnations against rotting, which is inevitable in conditions of high humidity.

Sometimes bags, wooden boxes, wood chunks are used as a device for mycelium. All these options are possible to use, however, they are more troublesome.

Disinfection

In preparation for growing mushrooms in the basement, the disinfection stage is perhaps the most important. Insects and fungal diseases are the enemies of the crop. The main source of all problems is high humidity. Therefore, if the walls are earthen or wooden, the development of the fungus is inevitable.

In this case, it is important to ensure the maximum remoteness of the room from the ground and natural wood. For this, the floors are poured with concrete, and the walls are laid out of bricks, plastered and treated with an anti-fungal solution. The ceiling is whitewashed with a solution of lime and copper sulfate. The entire room is disinfected (for example, with formalin, fumigated with a sulfuric gas) before each new planting. All elements of the arrangement are also carefully treated with antiseptics, and dishes and small parts are boiled.

Cultivars for cultivation

Not every farmer is ready to grow labor-intensive varieties of mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms and mushrooms are chosen as the best option for cultivation at home. However, among them there are different varieties.

Growing oyster mushrooms provides an opportunity to choose among many "home" species. These include Common Oyster, Oyster Oyster, Horned, Late and White Elf. There are other hybrids, but they are not much different from each other. Oyster mushrooms are very undemanding to soil and fertilizers, they give large yields and are resistant to infectious diseases.

Among the champignons, there are a number of hybrids that are offered by large nurseries and mushroom farms. They differ in size, shape and color, but are similar in taste and vegetative characteristics.

Substrate preparation and planting

There are two ways to prepare the substrate - buy ready-made in the store or do it yourself. Prepare the substrate a month before planting the mycelium, and use as ingredients:

• horse manure (if not, then cow or chicken droppings);
• straw;
• urea;
• superphosphates and fertilizers containing ammonium;
• chalk;
• gypsum or alabaster.

Horse manure and straw are preliminarily disinfected from parasites. Then the straw is soaked in a warm solution of water and ammonium nitrate for 24 hours. After the time has elapsed, the straw is shifted with manure, moistened with ordinary warm water and left for several days, after which the composition is thoroughly mixed. Then gradually, at intervals of 3-4 days, the remaining ingredients are added, which are also mixed each time. When the temperature of the mixture has dropped to 25-23 ° C, the compost is ready for use.

The mycelium is bought in special stores, where it is grown under sterile conditions.

There are two types of mycelium - grain and compost. Make sure there are no green or black spots on it at the time of purchase.

After laying the substrate, you can start growing mycelium. For this, the compost mycelium is placed in pits up to 5 cm deep, located at a distance of 15–20 cm from each other. The packed mycelium is filled up and watered. The grain mycelium is simply scattered over the surface of the substrate.

Care and cultivation

During the development of mushroom filaments, the optimum temperature is 22–27 ° C, after their appearance it drops to 12–15 ° C. The first mushroom filaments appear 2 weeks after planting, after which the planting surface is covered with a mixture of peat, leaf earth and limestone (5: 4: 1).

Mushrooms love moisture, for which the first 2 weeks they are sprayed every 3-4 days. For this, the surface of the substrate is covered with polyethylene and sprayed with warm water. Further, it is better to suspend frequent hydration so as not to cause rotting of the mycelium.

Harvesting

The first wave of harvest awaits you 12-16 weeks after planting, and regular fruiting will last for the next 10-16 weeks. After each ripening, the mushrooms are carefully twisted, and a small layer of earth is laid in their place. After each collection, the substrate is watered with a solution of water and superphosphates.

Video "Technology of growing mushrooms"

This video will show you how to grow mushrooms at home.

White mushroom is considered the most valuable and most delicious mushroom. Finding such mushrooms in the forest was considered a great success. This species grows in forests that are at least fifty years old. However, progress does not stand still and gardeners have figured out how to grow porcini mushrooms in a country house or garden plot with their own hands. In this article we will show you how to do it step by step at home.

Porcini mushrooms and conditions for their growth in your country house

For good growth, porcini mushrooms need certain conditions - air humidity 60%. In drought conditions, even in the presence of moisture in the soil, the fungus stops growing. Since the body of the fungus is not protected from evaporation, it dries up.

Temperature conditions are essential for good growth. Spores of fungi can grow at a temperature of +9 degrees, but the optimum temperature for good growth of mushrooms is between +19 and +27 degrees. If the weather is warm and rainy, mushroom growth will continue for 30 days. A porcini mushroom can grow up to 13 cm, and the diameter of the cap of such mushrooms will be 17.5 cm.

The life span of mushrooms is 13-15 days. After this period of time, the stem of the fungus stops growing, after two days, the cap stops growing. When spores begin to form, the fungus grows old.

For growing mushrooms in the country, it is necessary to provide conditions close to forest

Conditions for planting boletus in a personal plot

Boletus grow in coniferous forests, as well as in birch groves and in places where oaks and aspens grow. The roots of these trees have a beneficial effect on the growth of mycelium. This feature should be taken into account when planting boletus in a personal plot. It is necessary to plant mycelium in the garden in the place where spruce or pine grows. The resin of these trees has an antiseptic effect, killing disease-causing infections around.

Boletus cannot stand the neighborhood with fruit trees! The mycelium of mushrooms does not take root near them!

If there are no pine trees in the garden, you can place the myceliums next to the pine tree buildings.

Mushrooms will grow in the garden if you choose the right place away from fruit trees

The technology of growing mushrooms in a cellar at home

There is no need to create additional lighting for the growth of mushrooms. Accordingly, they can be easily grown at home in the cellar, if you follow the cultivation technology. Boletus grown in the basement will differ from mushrooms grown in their natural habitat only by their lighter colored caps.

When preparing a room for the growth of boletus, you must adhere to these recommendations:

• the floor, walls and ceiling must be concreted;
• walls should be whitewashed with lime with the addition of copper sulphate. This will prevent the mycelium from becoming infected with all kinds of infections;
• equip additional air ventilation;
• the temperature in the basement must be maintained from +12 to +15 degrees;
• the humidity in the basement must be at least 80%.If the humidity is below the required rate, create additional moisture;
• vents should be covered with a mosquito net to prevent insects from entering the basement.

To grow mushrooms, it is important to prepare the substrate. It can consist of sunflower seed husks, dry corn stalks, or deciduous tree sawdust. Dry the substrate well so that there are no signs of mold or rot. Treat it with hot water.

For growing boletus, it is better to use mycelium grown in a special laboratory. You can try to grow seed material from mycelium brought from the forest, but in this case, a positive result is not guaranteed.

In the cellar, mushrooms can even be grown in flower pots.

It is best to grow porcini mushrooms in boxes filled with substrate. To prepare the substrate you will need:

• hay;
• sunflower seed husks;
• sawdust.

Sterilize the substrate and then lay out in layers in boxes. Place the boxes on racks, at a distance of 7 cm from each other. The mycelium is buried 5 cm in the substrate. The room temperature should be 24 degrees, humidity 88%. There is no need to ventilate the room at this stage. After the first shoots appear, reduce the temperature to 10 degrees and begin to ventilate the room.

Watering is carried out twice a day using a spray bottle. Water for irrigation should be warm. Turn on the light for six hours a day. After 21 days, you can harvest.

Planting with mycelium

If the mycelium was taken in the forest for growing in a summer cottage, then it should be borne in mind that it must be planted under a tree of the same breed, otherwise it will not take root. In order to plant mycelium, it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil with a radius of 70 cm from the trunk under the tree. The depth of the removed layer should be 26-28 cm. Fill the resulting recess with the prepared substrate:

• soil taken under a tree;
• leaves and pine needles;
• bark of a tree under which myceliums are planted.

Growing porcini mushrooms on an industrial scale

Lay the mycelium on this mixture and sprinkle it on top with soil mixed with sand and pine needles, press lightly. Then pour the soil from the watering can and wait for the first mushrooms to appear.

You can also grow mushrooms from caps. To do this, collect ten mushroom caps with a diameter of 12-14 cm. Hats should not be wormy. Next to the tree where the mushrooms were collected, also collect:

• some soil;
• needles;
• leaves;
• twigs.

This will be needed when sowing. Rinse the collected caps, place in a bucket of spring water, or water collected during the rain for 24 hours. After this time, knead the caps well until smooth. You can grind them through a sieve. Drain the water separately into a container and start preparing the beds.

The top layer of soil next to the tree must be loosened, poured with water left over from soaking the mushroom caps. After the moisture is absorbed, you need to evenly scatter the frayed caps over the surface, sprinkle with soil taken under this tree and pour water on top. The soil must be constantly watered moderately. Water consumption under one tree is 40 liters. The water temperature for irrigation must match the ambient temperature.

When growing mushrooms from caps, you need to choose overripe fruits

Dilution with solution

To grow mushrooms with a solution, you need to take overripe mushrooms and chop them finely.Add 1 tablespoon flour and 1 tablespoon of gelatin to the chopped mushrooms. Pour water into this mixture, mix everything thoroughly and pour this solution near the trees. When this solution merges with tree roots, a fungus root is formed. After two seasons, the first crop of porcini mushrooms can be harvested.

By the method of instillation in the summer cottage

To grow mushrooms in this way, you must:

1. Gather young mushrooms and chop finely.
2. Place finely chopped mushrooms next to the tree.
3. Sprinkle with plenty of water. Water consumption per tree is 40 liters.
4. The first crop can be harvested after 12 months.

A bed prepared for growing mushrooms using the burial method

Using mycelium in the garden

If the mycelium is purchased in a specialized store, then it can be planted in May. Sowing work on sowing mycelium can be carried out until September.

How to plant. Technology for beginners:

1. The site for growing must be chosen under a tree, where there is a sufficient level of humidity and lighting. On an area of ​​3 sq. meter, it is necessary to remove 30 cm of the upper soil layer (the mycelium package is designed for such an area).
2. We line the bottom with a layer of pine needles, put leaves and bark from the trees, under which the porcini mushrooms grew. The litter layer should be at least 10 cm.
3. Sprinkle with humus.
4. Mix mycelium with sand and sow on prepared bedding. To prevent leaching of the mycelium, it must be sprinkled with humus on top. The layer of humus should be at least 4.5 cm thick.
5. Water the area with drip irrigation. If there is no such watering, then you can use a watering can.
6. Make sure that the soil in the garden does not dry out.

After a while, a mycelium forms at the landing site. With this method of cultivation, you can harvest mushrooms from one place for five years.

When growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium, you can harvest an impressive harvest

Reproduction of boletus by spores in the garden

If the mushrooms have grown a little, they can be multiplied with the help of spores. To do this, you need to take an overripe mushroom, select all the pulp from the cap... It resembles a sponge in structure. This pulp contains the spores of the fungus. Chop the pulp with a knife or grind in a meat grinder to obtain a homogeneous mass. Place the resulting mass in a two-liter bottle, add 3 teaspoons of sugar, 20 grams of baker's yeast, pour this mixture with rain or spring water and place for 10-14 days in a warm and dark place.

Further 150 gr. dilute the resulting liquid in 10 liters of water, strain through several layers of gauze, pour into a watering can. Spill with this solution near growing trees. You can also water a bed of freshly planted strawberries.

In order for the spores to penetrate deeply into the soil, it is necessary to spill these areas with rainwater on top. The places where the spores were planted must be kept moist. For the next season, you can harvest mushrooms.

Subject to the technology of growing boletus, taking into account the peculiarities of growth and adhering to the recommendations, the cultivation of mushrooms is quite realistic.