Features of care for chaenomeles
All types are tolerant of almost any type of substrate, provided there is good drainage. But flowering will be most abundant when chanomeles is planted in fertile, calcium-rich soil with a slightly acidic or neutral pH. Chaenomeles will not grow on heavy, swampy soils. In alkaline soil, the plant develops chlorosis - yellowing and discoloration of the leaves.
The culture prefers sunny, warm, sheltered places from the wind, since during the winter some of the shoots may freeze. You can grow quince in partial shade, but then the flowering will not be so abundant that it will affect fruiting.
The shrub is resistant to drought, and due to its weak root system, it suffers from waterlogging and weeds, therefore, when caring for chaenomeles, it is useful to carry out regular weeding, and water it 1-2 times a month. In a rainy summer, the plant suffers from excess moisture and can be affected by fungal diseases. Almost all varieties of culture are winter-hardy, some of them can freeze under very severe frosts in the absence of snow.
Variety "Pink Lady"
Racism
In fact, the Indians were not very lucky. From the very first days, they faced the Europeans, who diligently tried to destroy them. When this proved impossible to do, they began to investigate them. And to this day, the Americanoid race is considered the most unexplored of all. There are practically no purebred Indians left, and if they live somewhere, then this is most likely the lands of the Amazon, where it is not so easy to get there. Of course, the territories of both South and North America have always been considered inaccessible, the inhabitants of those lands were as if isolated from the rest of the world. But this did not prevent the process of migration of Americans, Indians and other inhabitants of the globe from beginning. Thus, the so-called Arctic race appeared, which was historically a transitional link. These include the following residents of the nearby territories: Chukchi, Eskimos, Aleuts, Koryaks. These representatives have a Mongoloid base, which is complemented by American and Indian features. This includes a large nose and a massive lower jaw. Photos of the Americanoid race, its former representatives, have practically not survived. But there are many illustrations left.
Growing Erica from seeds
Erica seeds photo
Generative (seed) reproduction of Erica involves growing seedlings. Sow seeds for seedlings in the spring. Prepare a potting mix of equal proportions of sand and peat.
- Fill a wide container with the substrate and spread the seeds over the soil surface (they are small, so they should not be buried).
- Spray crops from a fine-dispersed sprayer, further moisten the soil in the same way so that the seeds do not "drown".
- To create the effect of a greenhouse, cover the box with crops on top with glass or foil, but raise the shelter daily to ventilate.
- Lighting should be diffused, keep the air temperature within 18-20 ° C.
- Seedlings will appear after 3-4 weeks, then the shelter can be removed.
- When the sprouts reach a height of 8-10 cm, they must be planted in individual pots. They are not transplanted into open ground until next year.
Erica from the seed
During the warm season, the seedlings can be taken out into the garden, and they should winter in a room with an air temperature of 10-12 ° C.
Planting chaenomeles
Planting a plant with an open root system is carried out at the end of March or in the middle of autumn, so that the bush has time to adapt to new conditions and take root well.Container bushes can be planted with a clod of earth at any time. Two to three year old specimens take root best.
Make sure that when planting, the root collar does not sink into the soil, but remains at ground level. If you are planting several varieties at once, then the distance between them will depend on the maximum growth of the bush. Large specimens are usually planted at a distance of 1.5 meters from each other.
During planting, immediately add nutrients to the soil: two parts of peat, 100 g of superphosphate, 400 g of ash, a part of sand and a couple of kilograms of humus. Young seedlings at first require regular watering. In dry summers, it is recommended to mulch the soil, as mulch prevents moisture evaporation and controls the growth of weeds.
Read on: Mulching function and mulch types
Diseases and pests
The main enemies of this cactus are the thyroid gland, aphids, thrips and spider mites.
The thyroid gland is a small insect from 1.5 to 4 mm. They cover the lower part of the leaf. They can be of different shades: from yellow to red-brown. It is a parasite that feeds on and grows from the sap in the foliage. One of the signs of damage is the appearance of stickiness. Adult parasites are protected from exposure by a thin layer of chitin. The best protection against them is wiping the leaves with a cloth or sponge with concentrated soapy water. If the prevention was not done on time and the pests have spread strongly, then it is better to prune the diseased greenery.
When aphids are affected, specks appear on the leaves - these are places where insects grow. Most of them are green. It multiplies quickly. With severe damage, the leaves wrinkle and gradually die. Of the known methods of control, wiping and spraying the leaves with soapy water. But in this way, only adult insects can be destroyed, therefore, during the treatment period, the agave must be processed every two to three days.
Thrips leave behind silvery footprints when crawling. At the same time, the leaves turn yellow or completely discolor. Pests for flowers are very scary. Warm water is enough to fight thrips. For severe damage, use an emulsion of karbofos.
The spider mite is one of the most dangerous enemies of all indoor plants. It is easily recognized by the presence of a small thin web on the plant. The foliage in this case deteriorates, fades, young shoots die off quickly. For destruction, very highly concentrated soapy water is used, ventilation and spraying are organized.
Instead of soap, in all cases, you can use beer or alcohol solutions, but when using the latter, you need to be careful so as not to burn the plant. If home methods do not help, then chemistry may be used.
Agave care does not require much effort and attention. Such a flower is perfect for apartments that “suffer” from excess light, and for open spaces in the garden. If it turns out to create comfortable conditions for her, then she will reciprocate and delight with a lot of greenery. Be careful and conduct a constant inspection of the flower - this will make it possible to detect the disease in time.
| Growing | Can be grown at home and in the garden. |
| Humidity | Easily tolerates dry climate, does not additionally moisturize. |
| Top dressing and pruning | The flower is fed once a month, only diseased leaves are cut off. |
| Flowering period | Once every 10-25 years, less often - in 50-100. |
| Landing, transplanting | If necessary, about once a year. The seeds are planted in February-March. |
| Reproduction | Seeds and shoots. |
| Pests | Thrips, scale insects, spider mites and aphids. |
| Diseases | Brown spots in pest sites. |
Landing rules
In order to grow American strawberries, you must choose an area protected from strong winds.The place for the strawberry variety should be sunny. The soil must necessarily have:
- Neutral acidity.
- It should be well loosened and breathable.
- Land with a high level of fertility.
- Groundwater should not be close to the ground.
Large strawberry seedlings must be planted in the fall, a month before the first frost. You can also plant American bushes in the spring, when the ground warms up enough. Half a month before planting, the land must be prepared, namely: get rid of possible weeds, dig up and apply special fertilizers. To do this, use peat with humus, as well as lime and river sand.
The pits between the strawberry bushes should be located at a distance of 40 cm from each other, and the distance between the rows should be at least half a meter.
The planted bushes should be well watered and be sure to mulch the soil. Falling asleep at the central point of growth is contraindicated, as the plant will die.
Diseases and pests
Most often, the plant suffers from fungal diseases.
Gray rot develops with increased air and soil humidity. This happens with excessive watering, flooding with melt water, or belated removal of the shelter in the spring. A gray bloom appears on the branches, the shoots begin to partially die off, the leaf platinum crumbles. treatment with an antifungal fungicidal drug (Fundazol, Topaz) will be required. In case of significant damage, treat the bush with Bordeaux liquid or 1% solution of copper sulfate, treat it 2-3 times with a frequency of 5-10 days. For prevention purposes, treatment with similar drugs is carried out in early spring (after removing the shelter) and in autumn.
Powdery mildew damage is possible: young twigs become covered with a whitish bloom and die off. The appearance of reddish-brown spots is a symptom of rust. To save from these diseases, fungicide treatment will be required.
If the buds and shoots acquire a strange shade, they are deformed - this is a virus infection. It is impossible to cure the plant. Dig up diseased plants and burn them so as not to infect others.
You can face such a problem as leaf falling. The reason is a lack of moisture, it is necessary to water well and adjust the humidification mode.
Among insect pests, spider mites and mealybugs can deliver troubles. When growing a bush at room conditions, moisten a cotton swab with an alcohol solution and remove traces of insect activity (whitish cobwebs or similar lumps of cotton wool). In any case, an insecticide treatment will be required. As a preventive measure, spray the plantings with soapy water, promptly remove fallen leaves from under the bush.
Plant care
The houseplant is completely unpretentious in terms of care - it feels great at all temperatures. Loves places with good lighting, which gives the leaves a rich hue. Fluffy tradescantia, purple or pink - all lack of sunlight leads to the fact that the leaves become pale. Some varieties with variegated leaf color become monochromatic.
Important! It is necessary to ensure that the sun's rays do not fall directly on the sheet. Otherwise, the plant may burn.
When grown on sunny windowsills, it is recommended to additionally create a small shade.
Optimum temperature indicators for comfortable flower growth are from 24 to 26 degrees. In the winter period, the state of dormancy for the plant occurs at 12 degrees. Lower temperatures lead to strong elongation of young shoots. The flower almost completely loses its decorative effect.
Reproduction of tradescantia occurs by dividing the rhizomes or cuttings. In the wild, it grows in swampy areas, which provokes the love of indoor flowers for abundant watering.In the summer, the flower requires watering - it is impossible to allow the earthy clod to dry out. In winter, watering is done 2 times a week.
When growing an ampelous plant, it is necessary to monitor the humidity of the air. The optimum moisture content is about 60%. To prevent the possibility of decay of the root system, the earthen lump must be loosened regularly
It is also important to apply mineral fertilizers intended for indoor flowers.
Reproduction methods
Chaenomeles reproduces with the help of seeds, cuttings and dividing the bush.
Chaenomeles from seed
The seeds germinate well, so this breeding method is quite simple. But it should be borne in mind that young seedlings do not inherit the varietal characteristics of the parent plant. Seeds are sown at the end of winter in a wet sand-peat mixture and covered with foil. Periodically ventilate the greenhouse and maintain moderate soil moisture. When the first shoots appear, the film is removed. The sprouts dive when the first 3 leaves appear. They are planted in open ground in late May or early June.
Reproduction of chaenomeles by cuttings
Cuttings are prepared after the flowering of the bush
For better rooting, it is important that the cutting has a so-called woody "heel" from a piece of last year's wood. Before sinking into a mixture of peat and sand, it is recommended to hold the cuttings in a growth stimulator for several hours.
Planted at a 45 degree angle and cover the stalk with a plastic bottle. The soil is kept moderately moist. Rooting usually takes a month and a half.
Dividing the bush
The procedure is carried out at the end of spring. An adult mother bush develops quite a lot of lateral root suckers over the years and it is they who are separated from the mother plant.
Young shoots are ready for rooting only if the shoots are at least 10-15 cm long and 0.5 cm thick. When dividing, you can take 4-5 young plants at a time. They are planted vertically in the prepared soil, they do not allow the earth to dry out, since the root system is very weak at first.
Conditions for successful growth, where to place the agave
This succulent, like the rest of the plants in this group, is a rather unpretentious culture and it is pleasant to deal with it - it is undemanding to the soil and tolerates drought well. However, if you decide to grow agave, you should learn about the intricacies of caring for it at home.
Lighting for agave
Agave prefers bright places and feels great on a sunny window, on the south side - the plant does not tolerate darkened areas. However, on hot days, you need to make sure that no water gets on the leaves - this can cause burns. In partial shade and on windowsills on the north side, the agave can slowly wither, but it is not immediately possible to notice this. Due to the lack of light in winter, the agave stretches out, and its leaves become smaller (with proper lighting, the leaves sit on the stem tightly against each other).
Important! If the plant was in a shaded area, it should not be immediately exposed to the sun - teach it to light gradually
Air temperature and humidity
Agave, both wild and as a houseplant, perfectly adapts to any temperature regime. Therefore, in the summer it can be taken out on the street or on the balcony. If it is impossible to “walk” the agave, then you need to ventilate the room in which the plant is located more often. Thanks to this procedure, any temperature changes will not bring any harm to the plant. By its nature, agave feels good at +18 ° C, and the optimum temperature is + 22- + 28 ° C.
Important! In cold weather, the temperature in the room with the agave should not be lower than -6 ° C; at -10 ° C, the plant may die. Agave has no particular complaints about air humidity - it feels great at low humidity (40%) and does not need to be increased
Agave has no particular complaints about air humidity - it feels great at low humidity (40%) and does not need to be increased.
Briefly about American currants
American currant photos
This type of currant variety "American Currant" is an introduced representative of herbaceous crops, the homeland of this variety is the territory of North America. It is considered to be unpretentious, which means that it does not require you to invest heavily in feeding, difficult care or growing, loss of a huge amount of nerves and energy. This variety of currant variety "American Currant" does not have any special preferences in the choice of soil in which it will subsequently grow.
"American currant" has a very high level of resistance to various diseases, insects - parasites, and infections. This currant shrub also has a high level of resistance to cold, has the ability to grow rapidly, it is extremely easy to propagate using cuttings (green or already lignified) and layering. It grows well both in a sunny area and in partial and full shade.
The American Currant currant shrub usually grows up to one hundred and fifty centimeters. The flowering process begins at the same time as the black currant. They have yellow inflorescences, and their shape resembles small bells, therefore the berry shrub is also called the Golden American Currant.
It is worthwhile to re-write about the stunning appearance during the flowering process. The foliage of this currant variety "American Currant" has a green color, but does not have any aroma at all. The foliage of the black currant and the "American currant" has a large number of differences.
This type of currant of the "American currant" variety is self-fertile, therefore it is necessary to pollinate it for the formation of fruits. If you plant a currant bush in a single copy, then it will bring a small amount of harvest, we advise you to plant it in groups of several of the same variety or with other representatives of herbaceous crops.
Cockroach breeding methods
Periplaneta Americana has a colonial lifestyle. Reproduction rate depends on environmental conditions. The colony grows throughout the year with regular food intake, as well as when the room reaches the desired level of humidity and temperature.
In adult males, the genital plate is located in the extreme part of the abdomen. It consists of several leads, located symmetrically relative to each other. The female's body contains an egg sac known as an ooteca. It is a leathery fold.
Cockroaches lay up to 16 eggs at a time, each of which forms an oedema. They descend into the egg chamber at regular intervals. In it, the eggs are interconnected with the help of a persistent secret. This process leads to the formation of a capsule.
For ooteca laying, the female chooses secluded places that are inaccessible to other insects. If conditions are favorable, a larva, or nymph, appears from the egg sac in 20 days. At the next stage of development, an adult, or adult, American cockroach appears.
The time interval calculated between the formation of the ooteca and the cockroach is not constant. The duration of Periplaneta Americana development is directly dependent on external conditions. Moreover, a change in temperature or humidity affects each stage of cockroach formation: egg, larva and imago.
Under favorable conditions, the development cycle of Periplaneta Americana takes about 600 days. Of these, an adult lives for about 400 days. In cases where eggs are laid at low humidity and temperature, as well as with nutritional deficiencies, it takes up to four years to complete the development cycle of a cockroach.
Throughout her life, one female is capable of carrying up to 90 eggs. During the reproductive period, she lays no more than two ootheca every week.
The cockroach larva molt up to 9 times during its life span. After each such change, it gradually takes on the shape and size of an adult.The larva differs from the imago in that it lacks wings and organs responsible for reproductive function.
During the first 2-3 weeks, several females take care of undeveloped cockroaches. By their actions, they help the larvae to adapt to new conditions. At the same time, adults immediately instill a colonial lifestyle in new members.
If the ambient temperature reaches negative values, the insect colony falls into a state of suspended animation. A repeated cold snap usually leads to the death of all cockroaches.
Periplaneta Americana reproduces in two ways that are characteristic of representatives of this class of fauna. Eggs in a female's body can appear without fertilization. Also, American cockroaches breed in a traditional way with the participation of males.
other information
Distribution area: Mexico, Central and South America - from the Rio Grande in the north of Mexico, Peru, Brazil and in the south to middle Chile. On the highlands of Mexico, it grows to an altitude of 1800 - 2000 m above sea level. In central Guatemala, on the slopes of the mountains at an altitude of 2400 - 2700 m above sea level. among pines, oaks and Mexican cypress (Cupressus lusitanica Benth.). In Honduras it grows in virgin forests up to an altitude of 600 m and more, in Costa Rica - at an altitude of 1350 - 1500 m.Avocado also grows in the West Indies, but some authors believe that it was brought here from other areas. At least the avocado, which grows in parts of Panama and Honduras and resembles the West Indian avocado, is classified as a feral cultural form. On the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, it is found in collection and in small industrial plantings from Sochi to Batumi.
Diseases
With proper care, chaenomeles is rarely affected by pests and diseases.
Chlorosis (yellowing of foliage) will develop in high pH soils. Flower buds are susceptible to significant damage in severe spring frosts.
In rainy summers, disease caused by the fungus Cercospora cydoniae can develop. Symptoms of this disease are visible in the second half of summer and appear as small brown spots on the foliage, which then increase in size, forming extensive necrosis.
To prevent the development of this disease, the affected leaves must be removed and burned, and then 2-3 times with a fungicide treatment with an interval of 10 days.
Traits of the Americanoid race
If we talk about the external component, then the Americans themselves have their own set of features inherent only to them. First of all, it is the color of the skin - most often light, a little less often a little dark. The first guests of the American lands, mainly Europeans, noted that the Indians were distinguished by too light skin. But historians have little doubts about this, and the explanation here is rather trivial. The fact is that the travelers were on the road for about two months, and very few people on the ship regularly indulged in bathing. Most likely, the differences in skin were striking only because the Indians were simply cleaner than the newly arrived travelers. If we talk about today, the color of the skin of the inhabitants of America defies any geographical explanation. Usually in the north live fair-skinned, at the equator - dark-skinned. But this rule did not apply to America. At the equator, including in South America (for example, in Brazil), you can find groups of people with really too light skin, while the darkest ones live in Florida, California, and so on. History tells us that the skin color of the Indians living in California, for a long time, was even close to that of a Negroid. In addition to skin color, the distinctive feature of Americanoids can be considered perfectly straight black hair. With their eyes they are similar to representatives of the Mongoloid race. Their face is rather large, "heavy". The most broad-faced are the Indians of the lands of North America.They even set a record. Despite their beautiful hair, Americanoids do not grow a beard and mustache. You can recognize American Indians by the nose, which resembles a potato, it is convex and very large. It is also called the eagle.
Botanical description
Evergreen tree up to 20 m tall with a wide crown and alternate foliage. Branches are brittle, covered with smooth bark; shoots are often yellow, reddish and bronze. The bark is gray, thick, slightly fissured. Leaves oblong or elliptical-lanceolate to ovate and obovate, 10 - 25 cm long and 5 - 15 cm wide, with a sharp or shortly pointed, sometimes almost obtuse apex and with a pointed or truncated, but usually rounded base, whole-edged; the plate is glabrous above, dark green, shiny, below it is lighter, glaucous with protruding veins; petioles 4-10 mm long, grooved from above. Flowers on short pedicels, bisexual, 9-10 mm wide, yellowish-greenish, collected in wide compact panicles at the ends of the shoots; the perianth is calyx-shaped, 6-separate, the lobes are oblong-lanceolate, pointed, slightly concave, with fine pubescence, 12 stamens (9 fertile), collected in 4 circles, the innermost circle is represented by nectar-secreting staminodes; at the base of each stamen of the third circle, there are pairwise ovoid orange glands, the filaments of the stamens are thin, covered with a fine down; anthers 4-celled, opening with the help of valves, the openings of which in the stamens of the two outer circles are facing the center of the flower, and in the stamens of the third circle - outward, the pollen is spherical, with an uneven surface; ovary ovate-elliptic, unilocular, with one ovule; the column is thin, covered with fine hairs, the stigma is simple. Anthers and stigmas develop at different times, which ensures cross-pollination and excludes self-pollination; some avocados develop parthenocarpic fruits. The fruit is a large fleshy pear-shaped, ovoid or spherical drupe, 5-20 cm long, green, chestnut, brown or purple; the skin of the fruit is from thin film-like to thick and woody, the flesh of the fruit is of different thickness, soft, oily, creamy or yellow; peduncle 10 to 30 mm long, rarely more. The seed is single, large, round, ovoid, conical or ovoid flattened, without endosperm, covered with 2 thin, often distinct seed coats of a reticular structure. The yield of an 8 - 10-year-old tree, depending on the variety, ranges from 300 to 1000 fruits.
Description
Young fruit bodies in West Virginia, USA
The fruit bodies (technically called apothecia) of W. americana are erect and spoon- or ear-shaped, and may reach up to 13 cm (5.1 in) tall by 6 cm (2.4 in) wide with the edges usually rolled inward. The outside surface is dark brown, while the inner surface — the spore-bearing hymenium — is pinkish orange to dull purplish red or brown at maturity. The outer surface may develop wrinkles in maturity. The apothecia, which occur singly or in groups of up to about 25, arise from a short stalk. The stalk is variable in length and solid, dark outside, white within. The stalks originate from a sclerotium, a compact mass of hardened mycelium. The sclerotium has an almost gelatinous consistency with irregularly shaped lobes and internal chambers, and may reach a diameter of 4 to 6 cm (1.6 to 2.4 in). The sclerotium's function is thought to supply moisture and nutrients, or to serve as a resistant structure capable of sustaining the fungus through times of stress.W. macrotis is the only other species in the genus to bear a sclerotium.
Wynnea americana has no discernible odor, and its taste is unknown. It has been described as inedible due to its toughness.
Microscopic characteristics
Microscopic features of W. americana... Figures 3, 6 and 7 are the spores of: (3) W. americana, (6) W. macrotis and (7) W. gigantea.
With many cup fungi, microscopic analysis of the anatomy and structure of the apothecium is necessary for accurate identification of species, or to help distinguish between related species that have a similar external appearance. In W. americana, the ectal excipulum (the outer layer of tissue comprising the apothecia) is 125 µm thick, and composed of dark angular to roughly spherical cells that are 40–70 µm in diameter. The angular cells form pyramidal warts on the outer surface. The medullary excipulum (the inner fleshy layer of tissue underneath the ectal excipulum) is almost gelatinous, composed of interwoven hyphae 10 µm in diameter.
Several structural components are involved in spore discharge in W. americana, such as the ascus, the operculum, the suboperculum. The spore-bearing cells, the asci, are 330–400 µm long by 16–20 µm wide. The ascus has a thickened apical ring that is capped by a hinged operculum, a lid that is opened when spores are to be released from the ascus. The presence of the apical ring beneath the operculum and the slanted opening that results is a condition known as "suboperculate", and is shared with Cookeina tricholoma and Phillipsia domingensis, also in the family Sarcoscyphaceae.
Central America
The Central American race is even less well studied than any other. At this stage, it is very difficult to study her, because she is very mixed. Initially, it is believed that representatives of this category were short, had a concave nose, that is, they were the exact opposite of North Americans. Today they are so mixed with other representatives of the planet that a new race can be distinguished for a long time. Conventionally, it is called Mexican, Puerto Rican or Latinos - as they say in America. But there is no way to give any specific characteristics and descriptions, since the Central American race has not actually been studied.
Erica in landscape design
Erica in landscape design photo
The ericarium looks most impressive (a garden consisting of eric, heathers, dwarf conifers). He looks neat, well-groomed, stylish. The size of the ericaria is at least 1 m². And the best shape - wavy long or round, square or triangle is absolutely not suitable.
Together they harmonize perfectly as the soil and maintenance requirements are similar.
It makes sense to grow together with heather, since they are distinguished by the flowering period - the site will always be decorative. Place plantings on large lawns or along structures, stone and wooden garden partitions, gravel paths.
Erica in landscape design mix of colors photo
Erika can be combined with such conifers: pyramidal or columnar junipers, drooping spruce, Cossack juniper, bird's nest spruce, microbiota, globular thuja, dwarf pines, cypress trees. Also suitable for partners: dwarf birch, woolen willow, haulteria, whitewash. To add brightness, you can plant a couple of rhododendrons, which should be placed in the middle or in the background.
Erica in garden design photo
If the ericarium is visible only from one side (located against the wall of a building or near a fence), place tall plants as a background, and place the "little ones" in the foreground. If the composition is viewed from all sides, plant tall plants in the center.
Erica and Heather in the overall composition of the photo
On the edges of the composition, you can plant small-bulbous plants: woodlands, muscari, snowdrops, crocuses, quinodoxu, daffodil, you can supplement the picture with ground covers.
Ceramic figurines are inappropriate in ericaria. A wooden stump, a beautiful driftwood, a boulder will organically fit in.